Ans: C

Exp

Statement 1 is correct: This programme envisages providing real-time land ownership records to citizens. The main aims of DILRMP are to usher in a system of updated land records, automated and automatic mutation, integration between textual and spatial records, inter-connectivity between revenue and registration, and to replace the present deeds registration and presumptive title system with that of conclusive titling with title guarantee.

Statement 2 is correct:  The DILRMP has three major components – (a) computerization of land records; (b) Survey/re-survey (c) computerisation of Registration. The District has been taken as the unit of implementation, where all programme activities are to converge. 

Statement 3 is correct:  The major components of the program are as follows:

• • computerisation of all land records, including mutations/transfers.
  • digitisation of maps and integration of textual and spatial data.
  • survey/re-survey and update of all survey and settlement records, including
  • computerisation of registration and its integration with the land records

• development of core Geospatial Information System (GIS), etc.

Reference: Chapter 13, Nitin Singhania Economy.  Programme details | Department of Land Resources | Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India (dolr.gov.in), dilrmp.gov.in

Ans: C

Exp:

 Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) has 2 components: 

• Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN) : In this, the identification of the land parcel is based on the longitude and latitude coordinates of the land. It is 14 digits alpha-numeric unique ID given to each land parcel. ULPIN is a Single, Authoritative Source of Truth for information on any parcel of land or property to provide Integrated Land Services to the citizens as well as all stakeholders. The benefits of ULPIN are to ensure uniqueness in all transactions and keep the land records always up-to-date; delivery of citizen services of land records through a single window, etc.
• National Generic Document Registration System (NGDRS) : It aims to provide one Nation, one software for the registration of documents and properties to empower citizens of our country.

Reference: Chapter 13, Nitin Singhania Economy,  ULPIN | National Informatics Centre https://www.pib.gov.in/pressreleasepage.aspx?prid=1696503

Ans: A

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: Lord William Bentinck introduced the Mahalwari System in 1833. The Mahalwari System was introduced in parts of Central Province, North-West Frontier Province, Agra, Punjab, and the Gangetic Valley.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Under the Mahalwari System, land was divided into mahals, and the landlords and the village communities were jointly responsible for the payment of revenue. One or more villages comprised each Mahal. The ownership rights of the land are vested with the peasant. However, revenue was collected by the village community. All the land of the villages, along with forest land and pastures, was included for the purpose of collecting revenue.

Reference: Chapter 13, Nitin Singhania Economy.

Ans: B

Exp

Statement 1 is correct: Under the Ryotwari System, rate of revenue imposed was about, fifty per cent for dry lands and sixty per cent for irrigated lands. The revenue was fixed for not more than thirty years and on the basis of quality of soil and the nature of the crop. This system was introduced in Madras, Bombay, some parts of Assam and Coorgh province of British India.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The Zamindari System was a land revenue system introduced by Lord Cornwallis under his Permanent Settlement Act. Under the Zamindari system (Permanent Settlement) zamindars were recognised as owners of the land.  Zamindars were allowed to sell or purchase the land and evict the peasant, in case of non-payment of rent. The Peasants (ryots) were considered as the owners under the Ryotwari system.

Statement 3 is correct: Under Ryotwari System a direct settlement was made between the government and the individual cultivator called Ryot for payment of land revenue. Unlike the Permanent Settlement system, the Peasants were established as the land owners. The revenue was directly collected by the British government from the peasants.

Reference: Chapter 13, Nitin Singhania Economy.

Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: The ceiling on agricultural landholdings indicates a statutory absolute limit on the amount of land an individual can hold or own. This ceiling has two aspects: the ceiling on future acquisitions and the ceiling on existing holdings. However, land being a state subject, the success of this land ceiling measure varied in its result. 

Statement 2 is incorrect: Operation Barga was launched in 1979 in West Bengal. It was a land reform measure undertaken by the then State government for the recording of bargadars (sharecroppers) to protect them against illegal eviction by landlords. The Kerela Land Reforms Act, 1963, gave full ownership to the tenants in respect of the land in their possession. 

Reference: Chapter 13, Nitin Singhania Economy.