Ans: A

Exp:

The most relevant socio-economic aspect of the anthologies is their concept of tinai, physiographic division. According to which Tamilakam consisted of five tinais. i.e. kurinji

(hills), palai (drylands), mullai (jungles), marudam (plains) and neydal (coast). 

People of these five divisions had their respective chief occupations and gods.

Pair 1 is incorrect, Pair 2 is incorrect, Pair 3 is correct.

Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: Tolkappiyam refers to four castes namely avasar [ruling class], anthanar [polity and religion], vanigar [trade and commerce], vellalar [agriculturist]. The Sangam period witnessed the appearance of the Brahmins as a regular varna as also their growing influence. They were patronized by the kings. The kshatriyas and Vaishyas were absent as regular varnas at this time, but warriors and mechanists were to be found as separate classes.

Statement 2 is correct: Sangam literature can be dated from its earliest to the first two centuries CE. The poets were men and women drawn from all classes in society, and they were richly rewarded for their compositions. The composition of the texts took place during the three Sangams. The word Sangam refers to a confluence or academy.

Ans: A

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: Hereditary monarchy was the prevailing form of government during the Sangam period.Chera, Chola and Pandya kings were known as vendar [crowned kings]. The king was assisted by a large body of officials who were divided into five councils. They were 1. Ministers (Amaichchar) 2. Priests (Purohita) 3. Army chiefs (Senapatiyar) 4. Envoys (Dutars) and 5. Spies (Orrar). 

Statement 2 is incorrect: The rulers maintained a regular army consisting of Chariots, 

cavalry, infantry and elephants. The military administration was also efficiently organized 

during the Sangam period.

Statement 3  is incorrect: The most important source of revenue was land tax. It was called irai or karai. Tributes paid by the feudatories were other sources of income. Foreign trade was important and customs 

duties formed the bulk of the budget. The Pattinappalai refers to the custom officials employed in 

the seaport of Puhar. Booty captured in wars was also a major income to the royal treasury. Internal transit duties on merchandise moving from place to place were another source of revenue and the roads were guarded night and day by soldiers to prevent smuggling.

Ans: B

Exp:

Statement-I correct: External trade was carried between South India and Greek Kingdoms.After the ascendency of the Roman Empire, the Roman trade assumed importance. The author of Periplus provides most valuable information on foreign trade. Plenty of gold and silver coins issued by the Roman emperors like Augustus, Tiberius and Nero were found in all parts of Tamilnadu. They reveal the extent of the trade and presence of Roman traders in 

the Tamil country. 

Statement-II correct: The main exports of the Sangam age were cotton fabrics, spices like pepper, ginger, cardamom, cinnamon and turmeric, ivory products, pearls and precious stones. Gold, horses and sweet wine were the chief imports.

Ans: A

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: Tolkappiyam is mainly associated with Tamil grammar.Tolkappiyam attributed to Tolkappiyar, one of Agastya’s twelve direct disciples.It is work of the second Sangam .

Statement 2 is incorrect: Manimekalai,it was a sequel to Silappadikaram. It was written by Sittalai Sattanar of Madura. It deals with the adventures of the daughter born of Kovalan and Madhavi though this epic is more religious than literary interest.She consecrated herself to the service of Buddha, Dharma and Sangha. It contained a good deal of social and historical information. 

Statement 3  is incorrect: Silappadikaram,It was the earliest and greatest of the epics of the Sangam Age. It was written by Ilango Adigal,it  is the tragic story of a merchant, Kovalan of Puhar, who falls in love with a dancer, Madhavi, neglecting his wife Kannagi.Silappadikaram and Manimekalai are considered as great accomplishments of Tamil poetry.