Ans: A     

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: Dayananda Saraswati founder of Arya Samaj, strongly criticised the escapist Hindu belief of Maya (illusion) as the running theme of all physical existence and the aim of human life as a struggle to attain moksha (salvation) through escape from this evil world to seek union with God. Instead, he advocated that God, soul and matter (prakriti) were distinct and eternal entities and every individual had to work out his own salvation in the light of the eternal principles governing human conduct. 

Statement 2 is correct: Dev Samaj was founded in 1887 at Lahore by Shiv Narayan Agnihotri, earlier a Brahmo follower. The society emphasised on the eternity of the soul, the supremacy of the guru, and the need for good action. It called for ideal social behaviour such as not accepting bribes, avoiding intoxicants & non-vegetarian food, and keeping oneself away from violent actions. 

Statement 3 is incorrect: Ramakrishna Mission was founded in 1897 by Vivekananda. The Mission stood for religious and social reform, humanitarian relief and social work. Unlike the Arya Samaj, the Mission recognises the utility and value of image worship in developing spiritual fervour and worship of the eternal omnipotent God, although it emphasises on the essential spirit and not the symbols or rituals. 

Ans: B    

Exp:

Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha was founded in 1851 by a group of Parsis for the regeneration of social conditions and restoration of the Zoroastrian religion. The movement was started by Naoroji Furdonji, Dadabhai Naoroji, K.R. Cama, and S. S. Bengalee. 

Pair 2 is correctly matched: Sir Syed established the Scientific Society in 1864, in Aligarh to translate Western works into Indian languages to prepare the Muslims to accept Western education and to inculcate scientific temperament among the Muslims. The Aligarh Institute Gazette, a magazine published by Sir Syed was an organ of the Scientific Society. 

Pair 3 is correctly matched: Tattvabodhini Sabha was founded by Debendranath Tagore which  focused on the systematic study of India’s past with a rational outlook and propagated the ideas of Raja Rammohan Roy. After some years, Tattvabodhini Sabha was incorporated into the Bahmo Samaj. 

Pair 4 is incorrectly matched: Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Gopal Ganesh Agarkar started the Deccan Education Society in 1884 in Pune. They embarked on a path that would lead to a new awakening and salvation through social transformation. 

Ans: D

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: During the late 1820s, there emerged a radical, intellectual trend among the youth in Bengal, which came to be known as the ‘Young Bengal Movement’ led by  Henry Vivian Derozio. Drawing inspiration from the great French Revolution, Derozio inspired his pupils to think freely and rationally, question all authority, love liberty, equality and freedom, and oppose decadent customs and traditions. However this movement had its own limitations such as Derozians lacked any real link with the masses; for instance, they failed to take up the peasants’ cause. 

Statement 2  is incorrect: Ahmadiyya Movement was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in 1889. It was based on liberal principles. It described itself as the standard-bearer of Mohammedan Renaissance, and based itself, like the Brahmo Samaj, on the principles of Universal religion of all humanity, opposing jihad (sacred war against non-Muslims). The movement spread Western liberal education among the Indian Muslims. 

Statement 3  is incorrect: The Theosophical Movement was led by Madame H.P. Blavatsky (1831- 1891) and Colonel M.S. Olcott, who were inspired by Indian thought and culture.  The society believed that a special relationship could be established between a person’s soul and God by contemplation, prayer, revelation, etc. It accepted the Hindu beliefs in reincarnation and karma, and drew inspiration from the philosophy of the Upanishads and samkhya, yoga and Vedanta schools of thought.

Ans: A

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The East India Association was organised by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866 in London to discuss the Indian question and influence public men in England to promote Indian welfare. Later, branches of the association were started in prominent Indian cities. The Indian League was started in 1875 by Sisir Kumar Ghosh with the object of “stimulating the sense of nationalism amongst the people” and of encouraging political education.

Statement 2 is correct: The Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha was formed in 1836 by associates of Raja Rammohan Roy.

Statement 3 is incorrect: To oppose Indian National Congress (INC) and to develop close ties between the Muslim community and the British Raj, the United India Patriotic Association was founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in Aligarh in 1888.

Ans: B

Exp:

The associations organised various campaigns before the Indian National Congress appeared in the scene. These campaigns were— 

• For imposition of import duty on cotton (1875). Hence, Statement 1 is correct. 
• For Indianisation of government service (1878-79).Hence, Statement 2 is correct. 
• Against Lytton’s Afghan adventure. Hence, Statement 3 is correct. 
• Against Arms Act (1878)
• Against the Vernacular Press Act. Hence, Statement 5 is correct. 
• For Right to join volunteer corps 
• Against exploitation plantation labour and against Inland Emigration Act 
• Support of Ilbert Bill
• For an All India Fund for Political Agitation
• Against reduction in maximum age for appearing in Indian Civil Service.

Statement 4 is incorrect: The British Viceroy, Lord Curzon, passed the Indian Universities Act in 1904 on the recommendations of the Raleigh Commission, which tightened control over Indian universities. This Act was passed in 1904, while INC was established in 1885.