Ans: A

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: The Constitution defines the territorial limits of the legislative powers vested in Parliament under 245(1). The Parliament can make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India. The territory of India includes the states, the union territories, and any other area for the time being included in the territory of India.  Ex: GST law made by Parliament is applicable to the whole territory of India.

Statement 2 is incorrect: As per Article 245(2), The Parliament alone can make ‘extraterritorial legislation’. Thus, the laws of the Parliament are also applicable to Indian citizens and their property in any part of the world.

Statement 3 is incorrect: A state legislature can make laws for the whole or any part of the state. The laws made by a state legislature are applicable outside the state when there is a sufficient relationship between the state and the object.

Ans: B

Exp:

The Constitution empowers the Parliament to make laws on any matter enumerated in the State List under the following five extraordinary circumstances:

When Rajya Sabha Passes a Resolution :If the Rajya Sabha declares that it is necessary in the national interest that Parliament should make laws with respect to goods and services tax or a matter in the State List, then the Parliament becomes competent to make laws on that matter. Such a resolution must be supported by two-thirds of the members present and voting

During a National emergency: The Parliament acquires the power to legislate with respect to goods

and services tax or matters in the State List while a proclamation of national emergency is in operation. The laws become inoperative on the expiration of six months after the emergency has ceased to operate.

When States Make a Request : When the legislatures of two or more states pass resolutions requesting the Parliament to enact laws on a matter on the State List, then the Parliament can make laws regulating that matter. A law so enacted applies only to those states which have passed the resolutions

To Implement International Agreements : The Parliament can make laws on any matter on the State List for implementing international treaties, agreements, or conventions.  e.g.United Nations (Privileges and Immunities) Act, 1947; Geneva Convention Act, 1960; Anti-Hijacking Act, 1982; and legislation relating to environment and TRIPS

During President’s Rule :When the President’s rule is imposed in a state, the Parliament becomes empowered to make laws with respect to any matter on the State List in relation to that state. A law made so by the Parliament continues to be operative even after the President’s Rule.

Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Parliament can make laws on matters on the state list while a National Emergency is in operation. The laws become inoperative on the expiration of six months (not one year) after the emergency has ceased to operate.

Statement 2 is correct: When the President’s rule is imposed in a state, the Parliament can make laws concerning any item on the State List pertaining to that state. A law made so by the Parliament continues to be operative even after the President’s rule. This means that the duration of such a statute is not coterminous with the duration of the President’s rule. However, the state legislature can repeal, amend, or re-enact such a statute.

Ans: C

Exp:

Statement-I is correct: As per Article 352, if the President of India is satisfied that a grave situation exists where the security of the country or a part of it is threatened by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion, they can declare a state of National Emergency. When a national emergency is declared, it allows the central government to take executive control of the state.

Statement-II is incorrect: During the operation of a national emergency (under Article 352),

the Centre becomes entitled to give executive directions to a state on ‘any’ matter. Thus, the state governments are brought under the complete control of the Centre, though they are not suspended.

Hence, Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

Ans: C

Exp:

The Rajamannar Committee was set up in 1969 by the Tamil Nadu government to secure the utmost autonomy for the states. The committee submitted its report in 1971. The important recommendations of the committee are as follows: 

• An Inter-State Council should be set up immediately,
•  Finance Commission should be made a permanent body, 
• Planning Commission should be disbanded and its place taken by a statutory body;
• Articles 356, 357, and 365 (dealing with President’s Rule) should be totally omitted; 
•  The provision that the state ministry holds office at the pleasure of the governor should be omitted,etc.

The Sarkaria Commission was set up in 1983. It submitted its report in 1988.  The Commission made 247 recommendations to improve centre-state relations, which are

• A permanent Inter-State Council should be set up under Article 263. 
• The institution of All-India Services should be further strengthened. 
• The Governor cannot dismiss the council of ministers so long as it commands a majority in the assembly.
• Steps should be taken to uniformly implement the three-language formula in its true spirit. etc

The Punchhi Commission was set up in April 2007, and its report was submitted to the government in March 2010. The Commission made over 310 recommendations regarding centre state relations:

•  It recommended the creation of a superseding structure for matters relating to internal security (like the Homeland Security Department in the United States). This structure could be known as the ‘National Integration Council’. 
• The States should be consulted before bills are introduced on matters that fall on the concurrent list. 
• The treaty-making power of the union should be regulated with respect to treaties formulated in concern with the matters present in the State list. etc

Swaran Singh Committee was related to the incorporation of Fundamental duties in the constitution of India.