Ans: C

  Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Election Commission of India recognises the political parties as all India (National)  or State (Regional) Political Parties. The recognition as a national or a State party ensures that their election symbol is not used by any other political entity in polls across India.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of the electoral rolls for the conduct of elections to Parliament, to the Legislature of every State, to the offices of President and VicePresident is vested in the Election Commission of India.

Statement 3 is incorrect: A Returning Officer is responsible for overseeing the election in a constituency, or sometimes in two constituencies, as directed by the Election Commission (EC). The EC appoints the Returning Officer and Assistant Returning Officer for a constituency in consultation with the governments of the State or Union Territory as the case may be. All the nomination papers relating to the State Legislative election are submitted to the Returning Officer and scrutinized by him/her.

Ans: C

Exp:

NATIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION:

It declares that peoples have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status without outside interference, based on respect for the principle of equal rights and equality of opportunity.

Statement 1 is correct: Nations seek the right to govern themselves and determine their future development. In some cases it is also linked to the desire to form a state in which the culture of the group is protected. These claims were frequently made in the nineteenth century in Europe. The notion of one culture – one state began to gain wider acceptability at the time. 

Statement 2 is correct: Subsequently, the idea of one culture one state was employed while reordering state boundaries after World War I. The Treaty of Versailles established a number of small, newly independent states. 

Statement 3 is correct: The right to national self-determination has also been asserted by national liberation movements in Asia as well as in Africa when they were struggling against colonial domination. Nationalist movements maintained that political independence would provide dignity and recognition to the colonized people and also help them to protect the collective interests of their people. 

Ans: A

Exp:

The statement in option a is incorrect: Citizenship on a broader perspective, especially Indian Citizenship involves three kinds of rights: civil, political, and social. Civil rights protect an individual’s life, liberty, and property. Political rights enable individuals to participate in the process of governance. Social rights give individuals access to education and employment. Together, they make it possible for the citizen to lead a life of dignity

The statement in Option b is correct: The Indian Constitution adopted an essentially democratic and inclusive notion of citizenship. It facilitates the integration of outsiders by providing an easy and transparent pathway to citizenship. In India, citizenship can be acquired by birth, descent, registration, naturalisation, or inclusion of territory.

The statement in Option c is correct: There is also a provision in the Indian Constitution that the state should not discriminate against citizens on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any of them [Article 15(1) of the Indian Constitution under Right to Equality]

The statement in Option d is correct: One of the rights granted to citizens in our country is freedom of movement. Article 19 (1) (d) of Part III of the Indian Constitution deals with the fundamental right to freedom of movement. It entitles every citizen to move freely throughout the territory of the country.

Ans: A

Exp:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: Social justice is a political and philosophical theory centered around ensuring fairness in interactions among individuals within a society, as well as guaranteeing equitable access to wealth, opportunities, and social privileges for all members of that society. Wealth distribution is just one component of the broader concept of social justice. Therefore, it is not solely focused on ensuring the equal distribution of wealth among all citizens.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Dr. Ambedkar was the chief architect of the Indian Constitution. He was fully aware of the pattern and problems of Indian society and the conflicting interests. Though social justice is not directly defined in the Indian Constitution, the Preamble, the directive principles of state policy and the fundamental rights clearly illustrate the philosophy of social justice.
• Statement 3 is correct: On 26 November 2007, the U.N General Assembly declared that, starting from the sixty-third session of the General Assembly, 20 February will be celebrated annually as the World Day of Social Justice.

Ans: D

Exp:

• • Statement 1 is correct: Human Rights are inherent to individuals by virtue of being human. Every individual has the prerogative to live a life imbued with dignity and humanity, striving collectively for its realization. These rights remain impervious to being withheld based on factors such as caste, color, religion, and gender.
  • Statement 2 is incorrect: These rights encompass a wide range of civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, aiming to ensure that all individuals have a life of dignity and respect.

• Statement 3 is correct: The rights ensure that the authority of the state is exercised without violating the sanctity of individual life and liberty. The state may be the sovereign authority; the laws it makes may be enforced with force, but the sovereign state exists not for its own sake but for the sake of the individual.