• Meaning of Planning
• Need for Planning in Economic Development
• Imperative Vs. Indicative Vs. Structural Planning
• Objectives of Planning
• Indian Planning History
• Techniques of Indian Planning
• Achievements & Failures of Indian Planning
• Shortcomings of Planning in India
• NITI Aayog Vs. Planning Commission

Mobilisation of Resources

• Types of Resources – Financial, Human, Natural etc.
• Need for Resource Mobilisation
• Role of Savings & Investment
• Government Resources – Tax & Non-Tax ( or Fiscal & Monetary Policy)
• Banking Sector & NBFCs
• Capital Market
• External Sources – FDI, ODA etc.
• Public Borrowing & Management of Public Debt
• Challenges in Mobilising Resources for Development
• Steps That Can Be Taken

Growth & Development

• Meaning of Development & Growth
• Difference between Development & Growth

• Determinants of Growth & Development
• Importance & Limitations of Economic Growth
• Jobless Growth
• Pro-Poor Growth
• Balanced & Unbalanced Growth
• Dimensions of Development
• Measurement & Indicators of Development
• Approaches to Development:
  • Market-Based Approach
  • Role of State and Planned Approach
  • Mixed Economy Approach
• Challenges to Development & Growth

Employment

• Nature – Rural vs. Urban, Formal Vs. Informal
• Terms Related to Employment – Labour Force Participation Rate, Employment Rate, Working Age Population etc.
• Sectoral Distribution of Employment
• Quality of Employment
• Causes of Lack of Employment
• Restructuring of Workforce
• Government Initiatives for Generating Employment

• What is Inclusive Growth?
• Elements of Inclusive Growth
• Need for Inclusive Growth

• Indicators of Inclusive Growth
• Challenges in Achieveing Inclusive Growth in India
• 12^th FYP & Inclusive Growth

Components of the Government Budget

• Revenue Account – Revenue Receipts & Revenue Expenditure
• Capital Account – Capital Receipts & Capital Expenditure

Changes in Budgetary Process in 2017

Measures of Government Deficit

• Revenue Deficit

• Fiscal Deficit
• Primary Deficit

Fiscal Policy

Deficit Reduction

FRBM Act

Other Types of Budgets – Outcome, Zero-Based, etc.

• Rationale for Land Reforms
• Components of Land Reforms
• Impact of Land Reforms
• Problems in Implementaion of Land Reforms

• Success of Land Reforms
• Recent Initiatives – Land Leasing, Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation & Resettlement Act, etc.

• Impact on Different Sectors of the Economy

• Industrial Policy Before 1991
• Industrial Policy After 1991
• Phases of Industrial Growth
• Linkage Between Economic Reforms and Economic Outcomes

• Weaknesses and Failures of Industrial Policies
• National Manufacturing Policy
• SEZs
• Make in India

• Energy
• Ports
• Roads

• Airports
• Railways

Sources of Investment

Types of Investment Models

• Domestic Investment Models
  • Public Investment Model
  • Private Investment Model
  • Public Private Participation Investment Model

• Foreign Investment Models:
  • FDI
  • FII, etc.
• Sector Specific Investment Models
• Cluster Based Investment Models

Investment Models Followed by India

• Importance of Cropping Pattern
• Types of Cropping Pattern
• Reasons Why Cropping Pattern Differ

• Factors Influencing Cropping Pattern
• Emerging Trends in Cropping Pattern
• Long-Run Effects of Current Trends in Cropping Pattern

• Modes of Irrigation
• Sources of Irrigation
• Choosing an Irrigation System
• Problems Associated with Irrigation

• Progress of Irrigation Under Five Year Plans
• Environmental Effects of Irrigation
• Need for Systemic Irrigation Reforms
• Need for a National Water Policy

• Process of Agricultural Marketing – Marketing Channels, Functionaries, Costs, etc.
• Role of FCI
• Regulated Markets
• Warehousing
• Cooperative Marketing
• Shortcomings of Current Agricultural Marketing Process

• APMCs
• National Agricultutral Market (NAM)
• Farmer Producer Organisations (FPO)
• Contract Farming
• Futures Trading in Agricultural Commodities

• Agricultural Pricing Policy
• Rationale for Subsidies
• Types of Subsidies

• Effectiveness, Extent & Problems of Subsisies
• Clash with WTO Agreements

• Objectices/Significance
• Functioning – Fair Price Shops, FCI, Ration Cards, Aadhar Linking, etc.
• Shortcomings or Problems Associated with PDS

• Need to Improve the Working of PDS
• Measures to Improve the Loopholes & Lacunaes Associated with PDS
• Steps Taken by Governement in this Regard

• Buffer Stock – Objectives & Norms in India
• Impact of Government Procurement & Distribution

• Need for Food Security
• NFSM And othe Food Security Realted Government Initiatives

• Scope & Potential in India
• Significance
• Location
• Constraints and Challenges

• Upstream & Downstream Requirements
• Supply Chain Management
• Government Policies and Initiatives – SAMPADA, 12th FYP, etc.

• Artificial Sweetening Agents
• Food Preservatives

Drugs

• Antacid
• Antihistamines
• Neurologically Active Drugs
  • Tranquilizers
  • Analgesics
• Antimicrobials
  • Antibiotics
  • Antiseptic and Disinfectant

• Anti-Fertility Drugs, etc.

Cleansing Agents

• Soaps
• Synthetic detergents

Glass

Water Softener

Water Purification/Disinfection

Microwave Oven, etc.

• Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
• Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose
• Satyendra Nath Bose
• Meghnad Saha
• Homi Jehangir Bhabha
• Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
• Vikram Sarabhai
• Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya
• Har Gobind Khorana
• Tessy Thomas
• C.N.R. Rao

• IT & Computers
• Space
• Nanotechnology
• Biotechnology

• Robotics
• Defence
• Nuclear

• IT & Computers
• Space
• Nanotechnology
• Biotechnology

• Robotics
• Defence
• Nuclear

• Need for Intellectual Property Rights
• Types of IPR
• IPR Regime in India

• International Agreements Related to IPRs
• Geographical Indicators
• Recent Issues – Evergreening, Compuslory Licensing, Prominent Cases etc.

Types of Biodiversity – Genetic, Species, Ecosystem, etc.

Importance of Biodivesirty – Ecosystem Services, Bio Resources of Economic Importance, Social Benefits etc.

Resasons for Loss of Biodiversity

• In-situ & Ex-Situ
• Eco-Sensitive Areas
• Ecological Hotspots
• National Guidelines, Legislations & Other Programmes.
• International Agreements & Groupings

Impact of Pollution & Degradation

• Ozone Layer Depletion and Ozone Hole
• Greenhouse Gas Effect & Global Warming
• Eutrophication
• Desertification
• Acid Rain
• Hazardous Waste, etc.

Prevention & Control of Pollution & Degradation

National Environment Agencies, Legislations and Policies

International Environment Agencies & Agreements

• What is EIA?
• Indian Guidelines & Legislations
• EIA Process

• Need & Benefits of EIA
• Shortcomings of EIA in India
• Measures to Make EIA Effective

• Types of Disasters
• Management of Disasters

• Community Level Disaster Management
• Governement Initiatives on Disaster Management

• Factors Responsible for Spread of Extremism
• Steps that State can Taken to Reduce the Spread of Extremism due to Underdevelopment

• Naxalism

• J&K Separatism
• Left Wing Extremism
• North East Insurgency
• Terrorism in Hinterland & Border Areas
• Right Wing Terrorism

Reasons for Spread of Terrorism

State Sponsored Terrorism

• NIA
• NATGRID
• MAC
• UAPA
• TADA
• POTA
• NCTC

• Role of Media & Social Networking Sites in Internal Security Challenges
• Challenges in Managing Social Media

• Steps That can be Taken

• Cyber Security
• Threats to Indian Cyber Security
• Steps taken by India

• International Cooperation on Cyber Security
• Cyber Warfare
• Terms Associated with Cyber Security

• Process of Money Laundering
• Impact of Money Laundering
• Challenges to Tackle Money Laundering

• Steps to Counter Money Laundering
• Terms Related To Money Laundering

• Challenges in Managing Border Security – Coastal & Terrestrial
• Land Boundary Disputes with Neighbours

• India’s Policy in Border Area Security Management

• Types of Organised Crime
• Challenges in Controlling Organised Crime

• Indian Context – Link between Organised Crime & Terrorism

• Central Armed Police Forces
• Central Paramilitary Forces

• Security & Intelligence Agencies – IB. R&WA, etc.