Green hydrogen is an environmentally friendly fuel produced using renewable energy sources. Unlike traditional hydrogen, which is derived from natural gas or coal, green hydrogen is generated through the electrolysis of water, powered by renewable energy like solar or wind. This clean energy alternative has gained attention for its potential to reduce carbon emissions and support energy transition, making it an essential topic for UPSC aspirants.

What is Green Hydrogen?

Green hydrogen refers to hydrogen produced with zero carbon emissions, using renewable energy sources to split water into hydrogen and oxygen through a process known as electrolysis. It offers a sustainable solution for industries and sectors that are challenging to decarbonize, such as steel production, transportation, and power generation.

Enroll now for UPSC Online Course

How is Green Hydrogen Produced?

Green hydrogen production relies on electrolysis, a process in which water (H₂O) is split into hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂) by applying an electric current. Key factors in its production include:

• Electrolyzers: Devices that split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.
• Renewable Energy Sources: Solar, wind, and hydropower provide the necessary electricity for electrolysis, ensuring zero carbon emissions.
• Water Resources: Sufficient water supply is required, as one ton of hydrogen production needs approximately nine tons of water.

Uses of Green Hydrogen

Green hydrogen has versatile applications across multiple sectors, helping to achieve net-zero emissions. Some common uses include:

• Industrial Sector: Used in steel manufacturing, chemical production, and refining processes.
• Transportation: Powers fuel cells in heavy-duty vehicles, ships, and trains.
• Electricity Generation: Acts as a backup power source, storing renewable energy for electricity generation during peak demand.
• Residential Heating: In some areas, it is blended with natural gas for residential heating.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Green Hydrogen

Although, Green hydrogen is a sustainable approach to providing a solution to climate change challenges. However, it can still have some disadvantages. Check out the advantages and disadvantages of Green Hydrogen from here:

Advantages of Green Hydrogen

1. Zero Carbon Emissions: Produces only water vapor as a byproduct, contributing to a cleaner environment.
2. Energy Storage: Stores renewable energy, ensuring a consistent energy supply despite the intermittency of solar and wind.
3. Versatile Applications: Can be used across multiple sectors, including industrial processes, transportation, and power generation.
4. Reduces Dependence on Fossil Fuels: Provides an alternative energy source, reducing reliance on oil, coal, and natural gas.

Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store

Disadvantages of Green Hydrogen

1. High Production Cost: Electrolysis and renewable energy infrastructure are expensive, making green hydrogen costly to produce.
2. Water Demand: Requires significant water resources, which can be challenging in water-scarce regions.
3. Storage and Transport Challenges: Hydrogen is highly flammable and difficult to store, requiring specialized infrastructure.
4. Limited Efficiency: Converting electricity to hydrogen and back to electricity can result in energy losses, making it less efficient.

Green Hydrogen Production in India

India has ambitious plans to become a global leader in green hydrogen production. The government is promoting investments and policies to support green hydrogen initiatives, with a focus on domestic production and export potential. India’s National Hydrogen Mission aims to develop green hydrogen at scale, ensuring sustainable energy access while reducing carbon emissions.

Green Hydrogen Mission and Policy in India

The National Hydrogen Mission, launched by the Government of India, aims to establish India as a hub for green hydrogen production. Key objectives include:

• Reducing Carbon Footprint: Supporting India’s climate commitments by promoting green hydrogen in energy-intensive sectors.
• Enhancing Energy Security: Reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels by shifting to renewable-based hydrogen.
• Promoting Investment: Encouraging investments and technology innovation for green hydrogen production, storage, and utilization.
• Job Creation: Generating employment in the renewable energy and hydrogen production sectors.

Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes

The adoption of green hydrogen in India aligns with global efforts to transition to sustainable energy, offering solutions to meet the challenges of climate change and energy security. For UPSC aspirants, understanding this topic is crucial, as it represents India’s vision for a cleaner, greener future.

Sign up for the PWOnlyIAS Online Course by Physics Wallah and start your journey to IAS success today!