Answer

Launched in 2019, the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) set a target to provide 100% Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTCs) to rural households by 2024. According to NSSO 2022–23, around 90% of rural homes now have tap access, marking significant progress. However, full coverage is now projected to be achieved by 2028, highlighting ongoing implementation challenges.

Structural and Functional challenges in implementing the Jal Jeevan Mission

Role of Decentralised Governance, Social Inclusion, and Technical Autonomy in Bridging the Gap

Innovative Approaches for Sustainable Rural Water Management

• Community-Led Monitoring and Maintenance: Create Village Water and Sanitation Committees (VWSCs) trained in operation and maintenance.
• Smart Water Infrastructure: Use IoT sensors for real-time monitoring of water flow, pressure, and leaks.
• Climate-Resilient Water Source Planning: Encourage source sustainability plans that integrate rainwater harvesting, aquifer recharge, and watershed development.
  Example: Maharashtra’s “Jal Yukta Shivar” program improved groundwater levels in drought-prone districts.
• Data-Driven Decision Making: Update household tap connection databases annually using rural development survey data instead of relying solely on Census 2011.
• Local Entrepreneurship: Promote small enterprises for water testing kits, minor repair kits, and training modules within villages.
  Example: “Water ATMs” and pay-per-use kiosks for communities with seasonal tap issues.

Overcoming the challenges of the Jal Jeevan Mission demands a multi-faceted approach integrating decentralised governance, community participation, and technological advancements. By fostering social inclusion and ensuring technical autonomy, India can achieve equitable and sustainable rural water management, ensuring long-term benefits for all.