Answer:

Introduction:

Food is a fundamental human need and the right to food is recognized under international human rights law. Governments across the world, including India, often face dilemmas when utilizing food exports as a strategic tool. These dilemmas arise from the confluence of national interests, global humanitarian obligations, and the pursuit of long-term stability.

Body:

Ethical Dilemmas in Using Food Exports as a Strategic Tool:

National Interests:

• Food Security:
  • During periods of high domestic demand or potential food shortage, a government may restrict food exports to ensure domestic availability.
  • India, during the 2007-2008 global food crisis, put temporary bans on the export of certain grains to ensure domestic supply.
• Economic Concerns:
  • Exporting agricultural products can be a significant source of foreign exchange.
  • For example, India’s Basmati rice exports play a crucial role in the agricultural export economy. Prioritizing exports may sometimes supersede internal demands.

Global Humanitarian Responsibilities:

• Duty to Assist Starving Nations:
  • Restricting food exports in times of global shortage may exacerbate hunger in food-deficit nations.
  • For example, If India restricts rice exports during a global shortage, it could significantly affect countries in Africa and the Middle East that depend on Indian rice.
• Multilateral Commitments:
  • International organizations like the WTO discourage arbitrary export bans that could destabilize global markets.
  • India’s obligations under WTO can be at odds with its perceived need to restrict exports.

Long-term Stability:

• Building Strategic Alliances:
  • Using food exports to foster ties with other nations can lead to lasting strategic alliances.
  • For example, India’s grant of thousands of metric tonnes of rice to Afghanistan has not only fulfilled a humanitarian cause but also strengthened diplomatic ties between the two nations.
• Avoiding Regional Instabilities:
  • Disruptions in food exports can lead to instability in the importing nation, leading to potential conflicts or mass migrations.
  • For example, A sudden restriction in India’s wheat exports can create food security concerns in neighboring countries, potentially leading to regional tensions.

Conclusion: 

The strategic use of food exports places governments, including India’s, in a challenging position, requiring them to balance domestic needs, international obligations, and broader strategic goals. Making ethical and pragmatic decisions requires nuanced understanding and foresight. It’s essential that as India continues to grow as a major food exporter, it does so with a deep sense of responsibility, not just towards its citizens but the global community.