Answer:

Introduction:

India’s nuclear policy, since its inception with the first successful nuclear test in 1974, has been a subject of significant strategic and economic importance. While it has played a key role in shaping the nation’s defense posture and geopolitical stature, certain inherent limitations have restrained it from realizing its full potential. 

Body:

Limitations of India’s Nuclear Policy:

• Strategic Restraint
  • No-First-Use Policy: India’s commitment to NFU has been a cornerstone of its nuclear doctrine, emphasizing a defensive stance rather than proactive deterrence.
  • Slow Operationalization: Post-1998 nuclear tests, the slow pace in developing operational capabilities suggested a focus on the symbolic aspect over military utility​​.
• Economic and Technological Constraints
  • Exclusion from NSG: Non-signatory status of the NPT and exclusion from the NSG have limited access to global nuclear technology and materials, affecting economic and energy sectors​​.
  • Limited Technological Advancement: The focus on minimum credible deterrence may not effectively address evolving technological threats and dynamic strategic environments.

Policy Measures for Leveraging AI:

• Policy Reassessment
  • Revisiting NFU Policy: Considering strategic recalibration of the NFU policy to enhance deterrence capabilities in changing geopolitical landscapes.
  • AI Integration in Nuclear Strategy: Utilizing AI in C3I systems for improved decision-making, surveillance, and response mechanisms.
• Technological and Economic Development
  • Expanding Nuclear Energy Programs: Leveraging AI for optimizing nuclear reactor operations and safety protocols.
  • Diplomatic Efforts for NSG Membership: Intensifying diplomatic engagements for NSG membership to gain access to global nuclear markets and technology.
• Collaborative Research and Development
  • Public-Private Partnerships: Fostering collaborations in AI and nuclear technology research between the government, academia, and private sector.

Conclusion: 

India’s nuclear policy, while instrumental in ensuring regional stability, needs strategic and technological revitalization to meet contemporary challenges and maximize its potential. Embracing AI as a key element in this transformation can provide India with a strategic edge in both defense and economic sectors. A nuanced policy shift, coupled with technological innovation, will not only strengthen India’s nuclear posture but also position it as a leader in the emerging nexus of AI and nuclear technology.