Answer:

Introduction:

The Indus Valley Civilization is one of the world’s oldest urban civilizations. It is known for extensivenplanning, consideration for the environment in planning etc. and offers valuable lessons for sustainable development practices in modern societies.

Body:

Lessons that can be derived from Indus Valley Civilisation:

• Urban Planning
  • Efficient Urban Planning: Cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa had well-organised layouts with citadel and lower town, rectangular grid-like street patterns, public buildings, and drainage systems. This is often compared with Lutyens etc.
  • Prioritise mixed-use development: Planned city of Mohenjo-daro in the Indus Valley had a highly organised layout, with separate residential, commercial, and administrative areas.
  • Sanitation- In Harappa, sewage was disposed of through underground drains built with precisely laid bricks. The city also had soak pits (cesspit) for faecal waste management.
• Water Management
  • Water-efficient fixtures: Presence of public wells and sanitation in the ancient civilization highlights the importance of water conservation and sanitation which modern societies can emulate.
  • Sophisticated water management techniques: Construction of elaborate underground drainage systems, shadoofs, sakias and reservoirs.
  • Canal network: The civilisation also provides evidence of elaborate canal network, e.g. in Shortughai in Afghanistan.
• Environmental Consciousness
  • Waste Management: The presence of well-designed garbage disposal systems and separate areas for waste collection and disposal.
  • Promoted healthy and sustainable environment: Archaeological evidence suggests that they practised tree plantation, as indicated by the presence of tree groves near their settlements.

Conclusion:

By incorporating these lessons from the Indus Valley Civilization, modern societies can strive for sustainable development, ensuring the well-being of current and future generations while preserving and protecting the environment, and heading towards SDG goals.