Answer:

Introduction:

Karpoori Thakur’s political career, deeply rooted in socialist principles, was marked by several key milestones. As the Chief Minister of Bihar in the 1970s, Thakur pioneered groundbreaking reforms, especially for the deprived sections of society. His tenure was notable for the total prohibition of alcohol in Bihar, reflecting his dedication to social reform. Moreover, he was instrumental in establishing numerous schools and colleges, particularly in underdeveloped regions, ensuring education became accessible to those historically marginalized.

Body:

Major Contributions and Policies

• Reservation Policy: Thakur introduced a 26% reservation model in Bihar government jobs in 1978, aimed at providing equitable representation to backward classes. This policy, known as the “Karpoori Thakur Formula”, was a precursor to the Mandal Commission recommendations and played a pivotal role in the empowerment of backward classes. It included 12% for Other Backward Classes, 8% for Most Backward Classes, 3% for women, and 3% for economically backward classes from the upper castes.
• Education Reforms: As the Education Minister of Bihar, Thakur removed English as a compulsory subject at the matriculation level, recognizing it as a barrier for many students in competitive examinations. He also made education up to Class 8 free, reducing dropout rates significantly.
• Social Welfare Initiatives: Thakur introduced old age pension in 1971 and made education up to matriculation free in 1977. These initiatives were crucial in improving the living standards of the elderly and promoting education among the youth.
• Land Reforms: He initiated major land reforms that led to the redistribution of land from Zamindars to landless Dalits, earning him the title “Jannayak” or People’s Hero.
• Prohibition Policy: Reflecting his commitment to social reform, Thakur enforced prohibition in Bihar during his tenure.

Legacy

Karpoori Thakur’s impact on the social and political landscape of Bihar and India is monumental. His policies laid the foundation for the empowerment of backward classes, influencing the formation of regional parties like the Janata Dal (United) or JD(U) and the Rashtriya Janata Dal. The recent caste survey in Bihar, revealing that backward communities comprise nearly two-thirds of the state’s population, builds on Thakur’s legacy, aiming to ensure that quotas for backward castes in jobs and educational institutions are proportionate to their population.

Conclusion:

Karpoori Thakur, often referred to as ‘Jan Nayak’ or the people’s hero, remains a figure of immense respect and admiration. His life and work embody the spirit of the Indian Constitution, advocating for equality, fraternity, and justice for all. As a champion for the marginalized and a stalwart of equality and empowerment, his visionary leadership and unwavering commitment to uplift the downtrodden have left an enduring mark on India’s socio-political fabric. His legacy continues to inspire and guide contemporary politics and social reforms in India​​​​​​.