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Human Resources and Development: Nurturing Choices, Building Capabilities

December 6, 2023 1262 0

The Significance of Human Capital in Organizational Success

Human resource is considered the ultimate resource as it turns natural elements into useful resources. People differ in their educational levels, age, and sex, and their distribution is not uniform across the world.

Human resources play a crucial role in the success and functioning of an organization by ensuring that the right people are in the right positions, equipped with the necessary skills and resources to contribute effectively to the company’s objectives. 

Human Resource Perspectives: Growth vs. Development

Criteria Growth Development
Nature Quantitative and value-neutral. Qualitative change and always value-positive.
Direction Can be positive (increase) or negative (decrease). Requires an addition or improvement to existing conditions.
Illustration An increase in a city’s population  Growth in population and amenities signifies development.


Table: Comparison between Growth and Development

From Economic Growth to Human Resource Centric Perspectives

  • Historical Context: For several decades, the primary metric for a country’s development level was its economic growth.
    • A country with a bigger economy was perceived as more developed.
  • Modern Understanding: Quality of life, opportunities, and freedoms are essential aspects of development.
    • Emphasis on these factors gained traction in the late 1980s-90s, thanks to pioneering economists.

Concept of Human Development:

  • Concept: It was introduced by Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq. People are at the core of this concept.
    •  It focuses on improving overall quality of life by enlarging people’s choices.
  • Objective: It aims to create conditions for a meaningful life, encompassing health, talent development, societal participation, and freedom to achieve personal goals, all guided by the strategic utilization of human resources. 
  • Example: Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojna (PKVY) was launched in 2015 with the aim to train one crore Indian youth between 2016 to 2020. 
    • It focuses on providing quality training to potential and existing wage earners to enhance employable skills.

Key Contributions from Economists

Economist Contribution
Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq
  • Introduced the Human Development Index (1990) emphasizing choices leading to long, healthy, and dignified lives.
Prof. Amartya Sen
  • Advocated that development should focus on increasing freedoms
  • Highlighted the role of social and political, and human resource institutions in enhancing or limiting these freedoms.

Table: The Contributions from Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq and Prof. Amartya Sen

Barriers to Choices and Capabilities:

  • Challenges: Many face difficulties in making basic choices due to:
    • Lack of knowledge.
    • Material poverty.
    • Social discrimination.
    • Inefficient institutions.
  • Significance: Building capabilities in health, education, and resources is essential for broadening choices.
    • Without these capabilities, people’s choices remain restricted. 
    • Example: a lack of education or resources limits career and healthcare choices, respectively.

Pillars of Human Development

The Four Pillars of Human Development: Fostering Equity, Sustainability, Productivity, and Empowerment through Human Resources

Pillar Definition Implications/Key Points Examples/Notes
Equity Ensuring equal access to opportunities for everyone. Opportunities shouldn’t be biased based on gender, race, income, caste, etc. In India, disparities are observed with many women and socio-economically disadvantaged groups dropping out of school, limiting their future.
Sustainability Maintaining the availability of opportunities over time. Opportunities should remain consistent for every generation. Utilise resources with future generations in mind. Not emphasising girls’ education in a community can limit their future career and life choices.
Productivity Focusing on human labor productivity or efficiency in human work. Human capabilities need enhancement to improve productivity. The true wealth of nations is in its people. Investments in health and education can lead to better work efficiency.
Empowerment Endowing individuals with the power to make choices. It comes from increased freedom and capability. Requires effective governance and people-focused policies. It’s essential to empower socially and economically disadvantaged groups, through strategic human resource initiatives. 

Table: The four pillars of Human Development

Human Resource-Centric Approaches to Human Development: Exploring Income, Welfare, Basic Needs, and Capability Perspectives

Approach Description Key Points
Income Approach One of the oldest methods, linking human development to income. The level of income is believed to reflect the degree of freedom an individual has. Higher income is associated with a higher level of human development.
Welfare Approach Regards human beings as beneficiaries or targets of all developmental activities. Advocates for increased government spending on education, health, and social amenities. People are seen as passive recipients, not active participants in development.
Basic Needs Approach Introduced by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) to emphasise the provision of basic necessities. Identifies six basic needs: health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing. The approach does not focus on individual choices but rather on providing these basic needs.
Capability Approach Linked with Prof. Amartya Sen and emphasises the development of human capabilities. Key areas of focus for human resource development include health, education, and access to resources. Building human capabilities is central to enhancing human development.

Table: The four pillars of Human Development

Also Read: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Conclusion
Strategic human resource management is central to diverse approaches in human development. Whether focusing on income, welfare, basic needs, or capabilities, the common thread is the recognition that the true wealth of nations lies in nurturing and leveraging human resources. Building capabilities through effective human resource initiatives stands as the linchpin for fostering sustainable, equitable, and empowered societies.

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 Final Result – CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION, 2023.   Udaan-Prelims Wallah ( Static ) booklets 2024 released both in english and hindi : Download from Here!     Download UPSC Mains 2023 Question Papers PDF  Free Initiative links -1) Download Prahaar 3.0 for Mains Current Affairs PDF both in English and Hindi 2) Daily Main Answer Writing  , 3) Daily Current Affairs , Editorial Analysis and quiz ,  4) PDF Downloads  UPSC Prelims 2023 Trend Analysis cut-off and answer key

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 Final Result – CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION, 2023.   Udaan-Prelims Wallah ( Static ) booklets 2024 released both in english and hindi : Download from Here!     Download UPSC Mains 2023 Question Papers PDF  Free Initiative links -1) Download Prahaar 3.0 for Mains Current Affairs PDF both in English and Hindi 2) Daily Main Answer Writing  , 3) Daily Current Affairs , Editorial Analysis and quiz ,  4) PDF Downloads  UPSC Prelims 2023 Trend Analysis cut-off and answer key

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Quick Revise Now !
UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
Integration of PYQ within the booklet
Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions
हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध

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