Medieval Indian architecture witnessed a confluence of styles, techniques, and motifs. This fusion wasn’t confined to grand royal structures but was prominently visible in spaces used by the non-royal sections of society. These included buildings for domestic usage, temples, mosques, khanqahs and dargahs, commemorative gateways, pavilions in buildings and gardens, bazaars, etc.

Jama Masjid

Central Structure: Large mosques, or Jama Masjids, became central fixtures in the urban fabric of medieval India. 

• More than just religious sites, these structures played multifaceted roles. 
• Every Friday, they teemed with life as congregational prayers were held. 
• Purpose: Essential to these gatherings was the Khutba, where, apart from religious teachings, the ruler’s laws were announced.

• Religious-Social Hub: Interestingly, a city typically has one Jama Masjid, making it a nexus of both religious and social activities. 
• Inclusive Thriving: It was not only Muslims but also non-Muslims who thrived in the vibrant surroundings of the Jama Masjid, partaking in commercial and cultural exchanges. 
• Cloistered Courtyards: Architecturally, these mosques were expansive with open courtyards. On three sides, cloisters would frame the space, while the Qibla Liwan occupied the western side. 
• Essential Mihrab: It was here that the essential mihrab, indicating the direction of the sacred Kaaba in Mecca, was found, guiding worshippers during their prayers.

Mandu

About: Mandu, which is about 2,000 feet above sea level, is a testament to India’s rich architectural heritage. 

• It strategically located the Malwa Plateau to the north and the verdant Narmada Valley to the south.

Historical Significance and Inhabitants

• Influence: Mandu witnessed varied cultural influences, with Parmara Rajputs, Afghans, and Mughals finding solace in its natural fortifications.

• • It garnered immense fame as the capital of the Ghauri Dynasty under Hoshang Shah.
• Legends of Mandu: The city is steeped in romance, echoing tales of Sultan Baz Bahadur and Rani Rupmati, and was a preferred retreat for Mughals during monsoon.

Mandu: An Architectural Marvel

• Medieval Marvel:Mandu stands as a prime representation of medieval provincial art and architecture. 

• Palatial Amalgamation:It beautifully amalgamates official and residential palaces, pleasure pavilions, mosques, artificial reservoirs and baolis embattlements.
• Monumental Airiness: Despite their monumentality, the structures, designed as arched pavilions, are airy and cool. 
• Architectural Affinity: The adept use of local stone and marble further emphasises Mandu’s architectural affinity to its environment.

Structural Feature of Mandu

• Royal Enclave: A romantic collection of structures enveloping two artificial lakes.

• Hindola Mahal: Its buttressed design resembles a railway viaduct bridge. The sultan greeted his subjects here. 
• Jahaz Mahal: A graceful ‘ship-palace’ crafted by Sultan Ghiyasuddin Khilji, featuring open pavilions and a terrace swimming pool. 
• Rani Rupmati Pavilion: It offers panoramic views of the Narmada Valley.
• Baz Bahadur’s Palace: It encompasses a grand courtyard surrounded by halls and terraces.
• Hoshang Shah’s Tomb: It exhibits Afghan robustness, complemented by delicate lattice work and toranas.
• Jama Masjid: Built for mass Friday prayers, it showcases red sandstone, an imposing gateway, and intricately carved brackets in the mimbar. 

Legacy in the Architectural Narrative 

Uniqueness: While Mandu’s architecture closely mirrors Imperial Delhi, it uniquely interpolates robust Pathan aesthetics with intricate surface details. 

Conclusion

Indo-Islamic architecture extended beyond grand structures. Jama Masjids served as religious and social hubs. Mandu, a provincial marvel, showcased a blend of palaces, mosques, and reservoirs. Its Hoshang Shah’s Tomb exemplifies the fusion of Pathan and Indo-Islamic styles. This architecture reflects the rich tapestry of medieval Indian life.