A Journey through the Ages of Mineral Exploration

Mining is a process of extraction of minerals. Human development has witnessed the stages of the Copper Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age, marking the discovery and utilization of minerals. Initially, minerals were used for crafting tools, utensils, and weapons.

However, the true era of mineral exploration emerged during the Industrial Revolution, and its significance continues to grow.

Factors Impacting :  The Interplay of Physical and Economic Factors”

Mining profitability hinges on two main factors:

• Physical Factor: It includes deposit size, grade, and occurrence mode.
• Economic Factors: Like mineral demand, technology, infrastructure capital, labor, and transport costs.

Extraction Methods 

Two types of methods are followed which vary in their nature mainly due to mineral ore characteristics. 

• Surface Mining (Open-cast method): Ideal for minerals near the surface.
  • This is a cost-effective method that yields high and quick production. 
• Underground Mining (Shaft Method): When ore lies deep, this method involves sinking vertical shafts and creating galleries for mineral extraction and transportation. 
  • It carries higher risks due to potential hazards like gases, fires, floods, and cave-ins.

Exploring Surface and Underground extraction Methods Amid Shifting Global Trends

• Developed economies are moving away from mining, processing, and refining due to labor cost concerns. 
• Meanwhile, developing countries with ample labor and aspirations for improved living standards are becoming key players. 
• Many African, South American, and Asian nations derive over half their earnings from minerals.

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