The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 global goals adopted by all United Nations (UN) member states in 2015, designed to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity by 2030. These goals address a wide range of social, economic, and environmental challenges, aiming to create a sustainable future for all. For students and aspirants, understanding the SDGs is vital as they represent the foundation of global development and cooperation.

What are Sustainable Development Goals?

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are an evolution of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and represent a universal call to action. Each goal is comprehensive and interconnected, focusing on key areas like health, education, economic growth, environmental protection, and climate action. These goals outline specific targets to be achieved by 2030, with indicators to measure progress, providing a structured approach to address global challenges.

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List of Sustainable Development Goals 2030

The SDGs are a global call for sustainable development, urging individuals, communities, and nations to work together to achieve a prosperous, inclusive, and sustainable future by 2030. Here are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030:

1. No Poverty: End poverty in all forms everywhere.
2. Zero Hunger: Achieve food security and promote sustainable agriculture.
3. Good Health and Well-being: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being.
4. Quality Education: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education.
5. Gender Equality: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
6. Clean Water and Sanitation: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water.
7. Affordable and Clean Energy: Ensure access to affordable, sustainable energy.
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth: Promote sustained, inclusive economic growth.
9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure: Build resilient infrastructure and promote innovation.
10. Reduced Inequality: Reduce inequality within and among countries.
11. Sustainable Cities and Communities: Make cities inclusive and sustainable.
12. Responsible Consumption and Production: Ensure sustainable consumption and production.
13. Climate Action: Take urgent action to combat climate change.
14. Life Below Water: Conserve and sustainably use oceans, seas, and marine resources.
15. Life on Land: Protect and restore terrestrial ecosystems.
16. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions: Promote peaceful, inclusive societies.
17. Partnerships for the Goals: Strengthen global partnerships for sustainable development.

Sustainable Development Goals by NITI Aayog

In India, NITI Aayog leads the implementation of SDGs, developing a framework to localize and monitor progress. NITI Aayog’s approach includes aligning the goals with national development priorities and collaborating with states for effective execution. The focus areas are adapted to meet India’s unique needs, emphasizing areas like poverty reduction, quality education, and clean energy.

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The NITI Aayog SDG Index ranks Indian states and Union Territories based on their performance in achieving the SDGs. The 2024 Index provides a comprehensive assessment of each state’s progress, focusing on indicators for each SDG. It encourages competition among states to drive development and helps identify areas needing improvement.

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Key interventions facilitating SDG achievements include:

• PM Awas Yojana (PMAY): Over 4 crore houses built under this scheme.
• Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM): 11 crore Toilets & 2.23 lakh Community Sanitary Complexes in rural areas.
• PM Ujjwala Yojana: 10 crore LPG connections distributed under this scheme.
• Jal Jeevan Mission: Over 14.9 crore households provide tap water connections.
• Ayushman Bharat -Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana: Over 30 crore beneficiaries covered under this scheme.
• National Food Security Act (NFSA): Provides subsidised food to over 80 crore beneficiaries.
• PM-Jan Dhan Accounts:  Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) of ₹34 lakh crore made through.
• ThSkill India Mission: over 1.4 crore youth are being trained and upskilled, and has reskilled 54 lakh youth.
• PM Mudra Yojana:  43 crore loans aggregating ₹22.5 lakh crore were sanctioned for the entrepreneurial aspirations of the youth, in addition to Funds of Funds.
• The Saubhagya scheme for access to electricity.

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