Jainism: Definition, Doctrines and Cultural Impact

Jainism or Jaina is derived from the word ‘Jina’, which means conqueror. Jain monks were also known as Nirgranthas (free from bonds). Risabhnath was the 1st Tirthankara and founder of the sect. Mahivara was the last Tirthankara of Jainism and is considered its most influential figure.

Vardhamana Mahavira

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Doctrines of Jainism

Tenets of Jainism

• Householders were expected to observe the milder form of the practise of these virtues called anuvrata (small vows) in comparison to the monks.
• Mahavira rejected Vedic authority.  
• Jainism denies the existence of God.
• According to Jainism, the world has no beginning or end. It goes through a series of progress and decline according to an eternal law.
• According to Jain teachings, the cycle of birth and rebirth is shaped through karma. 
  • Asceticism and penance are required to free oneself from the cycle of karma. This can be achieved only by renouncing the world; therefore, monastic existence is a necessary condition of salvation.
• Jainism is an egalitarian religion that rejects inequality based on birth. It rejected the strict Varna order and Vedic rituals. It believes that “by one’s action one becomes a Brahmin, a Kshatriya, or a Vaishya, or a Sudra.”
• Women were allowed into the monastic order, but they cannot achieve salvation directly; instead, they can accumulate merit through good deeds and be reborn as men to pursue salvation.

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Conclusion

• Jainism stands as a profound spiritual tradition emphasizing non-violence, compassion, and self-discipline. With its emphasis on ahimsa (non-violence) and the pursuit of spiritual liberation through right conduct, Jainism continues to inspire individuals worldwide toward a path of ethical living and inner transformation.