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July 5, 2024 534 0
Introduction
As the Middle Ages came to be recognized as a distinct historical period, scholars in the 15th and 16th centuries began characterizing it as progressing through stages from youthful vigor (12th and 13th centuries) to maturity and then declining into old age (14th and 15th centuries).
By the early fourteenth century, Europe’s economic expansion slowed down due to the following factors:
Climate Change and Environmental Factors |
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Metal Money Shortage |
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The Black Death |
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Social Dislocation |
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Shift Towards Labor Services: The income of lords suffered during this period due to declining agricultural prices and rising labor wages. In response, some lords attempted to revert to labor services instead of money contracts.
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Current Affairs | Editorial Analysis |
Upsc Notes | Upsc Blogs |
NCERT Notes | Free Main Answer Writing |
New Monarch: In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, European monarchs known as “the new monarchs,” including Louis XI in France, Maximilian in Austria, Henry VII in England, and Isabelle and Ferdinand in Spain, strengthened their power.
England’s feudal system transformed after the Norman Conquest. The environment, technological advancements, and a growing monetary economy impacted agriculture and society. New towns offered economic opportunities and challenged the dominance of the nobility.
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