Projects spanning a total length of 936 km at and incurring a total capital cost of Rs. 50,655 were approved 

• These projects will be implemented using various PPP (Public Private Partnership) modes, including Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM) and Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC)

Distinct Project Delivery Models

Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM), and Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) are three distinct project delivery models used in infrastructure development.

Enroll now for UPSC Online Course

• Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT): In the BOT model, a private entity (often a consortium) is responsible for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of a project for a specified period. After this period, the ownership and operation of the project are transferred back to the public sector.
  • Applications: Widely used for road projects, especially in developing countries where funding constraints exist.
• Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC): In the EPC model, a single contractor is responsible for the design, procurement, and construction of the project. The contractor assumes responsibility for delivering the project on time, within budget, and to specified quality standards.
  • Applications: Used in a wide range of infrastructure projects, including power plants, industrial facilities, and large-scale construction projects
• Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM): The Hybrid Annuity Model combines elements of both public and private financing. The public sector bears some of the financial risks while the private sector handles the construction and operation. Payments are made to the private entity in the form of annuities over a period.

DOWNLOAD PDF