National Epilepsy Day 2024, Initiatives, National Programme

National Epilepsy Day is observed every year on November 17 in India to raise awareness about epilepsy, its challenges, and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects millions of people around the world, including India. In this informative guide, we’ll cover what is National Epilepsy Day, when is National Epilepsy Day 2024, what is epilepsy disease, its causes, treatment options, and government initiatives that aim to support and uplift those affected by epilepsy.

National Epilepsy Day 2024

National Epilepsy Day 2024 is an informative observance in India that highlights the challenges faced by people who have epilepsy and encourages public understanding and empathy. Formed by the Epilepsy Foundation of India, this day is part of broader efforts to bring much-needed attention to epilepsy, dispel myths, and spread accurate information about this often misunderstood condition. 

By raising awareness, National Epilepsy Day desires to improve the quality of life for the affected people, supporting accessible treatment and help within society.

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History of National Epilepsy Day

National Epilepsy Day in India was initiated by the Epilepsy Foundation of India, founded in 2009 by Dr. Nirmal Surya in Mumbai. The Epilepsy Foundation is a non-profit organization that is dedicated to improving the lives of people with epilepsy, supporting treatment, creating support systems, and conducting research on the disease. 

The work of the Epilepsy Foundation is to emphasize reducing the stigma and social isolation that is often done with epilepsy patients, as well as providing free treatment and resources to patients in need. Since its inception, the Epilepsy Foundation of India has played a key role in spreading knowledge and organizing events nationwide.

When is National Epilepsy Day 2024?

National Epilepsy Day 2024 will be observed on November 17th, 2024 on Sunday across India. This day provides an opportunity for healthcare organizations, educational institutions, and communities to organize campaigns and events that provide a forum for understanding epilepsy better. With activities like seminars, health camps, and support group sessions, National Epilepsy Day 2024 encourages open discussion, medical guidance, and access to resources that can benefit individuals and families dealing with epilepsy.

What is Epilepsy Disease?

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which is characterized by recurrent and unprovoked seizures. Seizures occur due to sudden, excessive electrical discharges in a group of brain cells which lead to temporary disturbances in brain function. These disturbances can vary from brief lapses of attention or muscle pulls to intense and prolonged disruptions. 

Epilepsy is not a singular condition but rather a range of disorders that manifest in various ways. Some individuals may experience brief staring spells, while others might take prolonged and uncontrollable movements of the limbs. However, it is necessary to understand that a single seizure does not signify epilepsy.

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Epilepsy Statistics and Prevalence

Most epilepsy patients can manage their condition effectively with medication, while only a small percentage of people may require surgical intervention. According to a 2018 study, over 7 crore people globally suffer from epilepsy, with 1.2 crore cases in India alone which represents a substantial portion of the global epilepsy burden.

The prevalence of epilepsy is estimated to be 5-9 cases per 1,000 people globally. According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) analysis 2010, epilepsy accounts for 0.7% of the global disease burden, which summarizes over 1.7 crore disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), with a significant percentage of cases in low- and middle-income countries. In India, epilepsy is particularly prevalent among children aged 8–12, with a five-year prevalence rate of 22.2 per 1,000 children.

Symptoms of Epilepsy

Epilepsy symptoms differentially based on the type of seizure and the affected area of the brain. Common signs of epilepsy that need to be addressed on national epilepsy day include:

• Temporary confusion or cognitive lapses
• Uncontrollable shaking movements of the arms and legs
• Loss of consciousness or awareness
• Sensory changes, such as smelling odd scents or experiencing unusual tastes or visuals

The experience of each person with epilepsy is unique, which is why understanding the condition on an individual level is essential.

Causes of Epilepsy Disease

The causes of epilepsy can be complex and multifactorial. Here are some common factors:

1. Genetics: Epilepsy can sometimes run in families while indicating a potential genetic predisposition to developing the disorder.
2. Brain Injury: Head injuries from accidents, sports, or other traumas can lead to epilepsy. Brain infections like meningitis or encephalitis may also activate seizures.
3. Developmental Disorders: Conditions like autism or neurodevelopmental issues are associated with a higher risk of epilepsy.
4. Stroke or Heart Disease: Conditions that affect the brain’s blood supply can lead to epilepsy, particularly in older adults.
5. Prenatal Factors: Brain damage that occurs before birth, often due to oxygen deprivation or maternal infections, can predispose infants to epilepsy.

Despite many significant and noteworthy advancements in medical science, in approximately half of epilepsy cases, the exact cause remains unknown. This lack of clarity makes National Epilepsy Day 2024 even more critical for supporting research and encouraging medical breakthroughs.

Epilepsy Management and Treatment

Epilepsy management focuses on reducing the frequency and severity of seizures through a combination of medical, surgical, and lifestyle interventions. Common approaches include:

• Anti-Seizure Medications: Often the first step of treatment, anti-seizure drugs help control electrical activity in the brain.
• Surgical Options: For individuals who don’t respond to medication, surgical interventions implemented, targeting specific brain areas may be considered.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Proper sleep, stress management, and avoiding known seizure triggers play a significant role in reducing seizure attacks.

Awareness through National Epilepsy Day 2024 seeks to encourage early diagnosis and prompt treatment, which will ultimately reduce the burden of epilepsy on individuals and society.

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Treatment Challenges and Need for Awareness

Approximately one-third of people with epilepsy do not respond to existing treatments, which highlights the need for further research to develop effective therapies and enhances the need for understanding of epilepsy’s causes. Observing National Epilepsy Day 2024 can play a crucial role in:

• Eliminating Stigmas: Raising awareness reduces the stigma which is associated with epilepsy, which can negatively impact patients’ social interactions, education, and employment.
• Funding Medical Research: A dedicated day encourages funding for research into new treatments and understanding epilepsy’s underlying mechanisms.
• Formulating Supportive Policies: National recognition of epilepsy can lead to policies that may support better access to healthcare and protection of the rights of individuals with epilepsy.

Government Initiatives for Epilepsy

Recognizing the importance of addressing epilepsy, the Government of India has launched many initiatives which continuously aim at increasing awareness, improving access to treatment, and supporting research.

1. National Programme on Prevention and Control of Epilepsy

A broader part of the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP), the National Programme on Epilepsy seeks to integrate epilepsy treatment and management within primary health services. These initiative works to increase the availability of diagnostic services, educate healthcare workers, and ensure that treatment is accessible to rural and underserved populations.

2. Community-Based Rehabilitation Programmes

The government along with various non-governmental organizations, provides community-based rehabilitation programs to support epilepsy patients. These programs offer resources for medical care, mental health counselling, and job training to enhance the quality of life for people with epilepsy.

3. Epilepsy Awareness Campaigns

In recent years, awareness campaigns run by the government and NGOs have played a critical role in educating the public and disproving myths surrounding epilepsy. These campaigns, especially on National Epilepsy Day, focus on eliminating the stigma associated with epilepsy, empowering epilepsy patients and encouraging open discussions.

4. Telemedicine and Remote Diagnosis

With advancements in digital health, the Indian government has begun leveraging telemedicine to reach patients in remote areas. This helps ensure timely diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy, which is essential for managing the condition effectively.

National Programme on Epilepsy

Recognizing epilepsy as a serious public health issue, the Government of India has implemented various initiatives under the National Programme on Prevention and Control of Epilepsy. This program integrates epilepsy management within primary healthcare, which aspires to increase access to treatment across India.

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Key Components of the National Programme on Epilepsy

1. Accessible Healthcare Facilities: The government has set up facilities for early diagnosis and management of epilepsy in government hospitals and specialized centers. Some of the institutes offer specialized epilepsy care such as:
   • The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi
   • The Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) in Chandigarh
   • The National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) in Bangalore.
2. District Mental Health Programme (DMHP): As part of the District Mental Health Programme, epilepsy treatment is available in 241 districts across India. This program provides resources for managing behavioural and psychological symptoms associated with epilepsy, extending much-needed support to rural and underserved communities.
3. Addressing the Treatment Gap: Despite such efforts, a significant treatment gap remains due to societal stigma and limited awareness about epilepsy and available treatments. The stigma around epilepsy often results in workplace discrimination, where employees and employers may lack understanding of the condition. To counter this, the Indian Epilepsy Association (IEA) has taken the initiative to raise awareness through campaigns, workshops, and informational materials.

Conclusion

As National Epilepsy Day 2024 approaches, it reminds us that awareness, compassion, and proactive support are essential to making a meaningful impact. Understanding what is National Epilepsy Day, the causes of epilepsy disease, and the efforts being made to improve treatment and support can help society grow more inclusive. It also encourages individuals to seek medical advice if they or someone they know experiences symptoms, promoting health and wellness for all.

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