The Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh has officially been notified as a Tiger Reserve and NTCA has recently granted in-principle approval for declaring Madhav National Park as a Tiger Reserve. 

About Ratapani Tiger Reserve

• Location: Spread across Raisen and Sehore districts in Madhya Pradesh.
  • It forms a crucial part of the state’s tiger habitat and serves as a migration corridor for tigers from the Satpura ranges.
• Tiger Population: It is home to approximately 90 tigers.
• Threat in the reserve: Challenges of habitat encroachment and human-wildlife conflict.
  • Human-Wildlife Conflict:
    • Tigers frequently strayed into human settlements due to habitat degradation and insufficient prey.
    • Reports of tiger attacks and retaliatory killings by villagers highlighted the severity of the issue.
  • Habitat Degradation:
    • Encroachment and approval of infrastructure projects in buffer zones posed a threat to the ecosystem.
    • Projects like coal-based thermal power plants and railway lines were approved without assessing their impact on tiger habitats.
• Significance: It is now the eighth Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh, further solidifying the state’s reputation as the “Tiger State of India.”

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Process of Recognizing a Tiger Reserve

• Identification of Potential Areas:
  • Ecological Assessment: Identifying areas with suitable tiger habitat, prey base, and water sources.
  • Wildlife Surveys: Conducting regular wildlife surveys to assess tiger populations and their distribution.
  • Human-Wildlife Conflict Assessment: Evaluating the potential for conflict between humans and wildlife.
• Proposal Submission:
  • State Forest Department: The state forest department submits a proposal to the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
  • Proposal Details: The proposal should include details such as the proposed area, core and buffer zones, management plan, and mitigation measures for human-wildlife conflict.
• NTCA Approval:
  • Technical Scrutiny: The NTCA’s technical committee reviews the proposal to assess its feasibility and compliance with the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, and other relevant regulations.
  • In-Principle Approval: If the proposal is deemed suitable, the NTCA grants in-principle approval.
• Notification:
  • State Government Notification: The state government issues a formal notification declaring the area as a tiger reserve.
  • Gazette Notification: The notification is published in the official gazette to give it legal effect.

Challenges Faced in the Ratapani Case

• Bureaucratic Delays: The state government’s bureaucratic hurdles and lack of urgency hindered the notification process.
• Vested Interests: Mining activities and other human pressures in the region posed a threat to the tiger habitat.
• Human-Wildlife Conflict: Increasing human-wildlife conflict required effective mitigation measures.
• Lack of Adequate Prey Base: Ensuring a sufficient prey base for tigers was crucial for the long-term viability of the reserve.
• Role of Public Interest Litigation (PIL): The PIL filed against the delay played a significant role in accelerating the notification process. 
  • The High Court’s intervention highlighted the urgency of the issue and pressured the state government to take action.

Future Conservation Efforts

• Boundary Demarcation: Clearly defining core and buffer zones to prevent further encroachments.
• Anti-Poaching Measures: Strengthening anti-poaching patrols and enhancing surveillance in the reserve.
• Community Engagement: Collaborating with local communities to adopt wildlife-friendly practices.
  • Offering alternative livelihoods to reduce dependency on forest resources.
• Prey Base Restoration: Reintroducing herbivores and protecting vegetation to build a sustainable prey base for tigers.

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About Madhav National Park

• Location and Geography: Situated in the Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh, it encompasses an area of approximately 1,751 square kilometers.
• Flora: The park boasts dry deciduous forest, dominated by teak, sal, and mixed vegetation.
• Fauna: Notable wildlife includes
  • Mammals: Tigers, leopards, sambar, chital, nilgai, chinkara, and sloth bears.
  • Avifauna: Over 200 bird species, including migratory species during winter.
• Conservation Milestone: Successful tiger breeding program, leading to the birth of tiger cubs in September 2024, marking significant progress in tiger restoration.
• Tiger Reintroduction and Restoration Program: Tigers were reintroduced in 1990, with notable progress marked by the recent births of cubs, indicating a thriving environment.
• • Phase II of the program aims to introduce additional tigers from Bandhavgarh, Kanha, and Sanjay-Dubri National Parks.
• Long-term Expansion Plans: The park is set to grow into a sprawling 1,600 sq. km area over five years, focusing on habitat connectivity and prey base restoration.

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