Nobel Prize in Medicine 2025 is given for scientific discoveries in immunology. It has transformed our understanding of the defence mechanisms of the human body. The laureates of 2025, Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi, have been recognised for identifying the mechanisms that maintain immune balance. Their discovery of regulatory T cells has expanded scientific knowledge. It has provided the way for innovative therapies targeting autoimmune diseases and improving organ transplantation outcomes. This award highlights the importance of fundamental biological science in developing treatments for conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, and cancer.

Also Read: Nobel Prize List 2025

Nobel Prize in Medicine 2025 Overview

The Nobel Prize in Medicine 2025 was announced by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, Sweden, on October 6, 2025. It celebrates scientists whose work has significantly advanced the welfare of humankind. The trio, Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi, made contributions related to immune regulation and self-tolerance. Their discoveries offer new hope for managing diseases such as lupus, type 1 diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Enroll now for UPSC Online Course

Here is a basic overview of Nobel Prize in Medicine 2025:

Nobel Prize in Medicine 2025 Nominees

It is essential to keep in mind that the Nobel Committee keeps the names of nominees confidential for 50 years. This rule helps to maintain fairness and independence throughout the process of selecting Nobel Prize winners. Every year, thousands of nominations are submitted by scientists and academic institutions around the world. Only a few are shortlisted by the Nobel Assembly. However, the list of nominees is not disclosed.

Nobel Prize in Medicine 2025 Winners List

The Nobel Committee recognised the findings of the following scientists as a turning point in the field of immunology. Their collective research revealed how regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immune balance and prevent the body from attacking its own tissues. This discovery has revolutionised modern medicine by offering new ways into designing new therapies for cancer, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune conditions. 

The Nobel Prize in Medicine 2025 winners list includes three distinguished scientists:

1. Mary E. Brunkow
2. Fred Ramsdell
3. Shimon Sakaguchi

First Nobel Prize in Medicine

The first Nobel Prize in Medicine is officially known as the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It was awarded in 1901 to Emil von Behring of Germany. His work on serum therapy, particularly against diphtheria, saved several lives. Also, it laid the foundation for modern immunology. Behring’s discovery revealed that antibodies in the blood can be helpful in protecting against infections. It forms one of the first scientific explanations for immunity.

Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store

Nobel Prize winners in Medicine Last 5 Years

Here is an overview of the Nobel Prize in Medicine winners over the last five years. Each discovery marks a step forward in human health and biological understanding. 

Ready to boost your UPSC 2026 preparation? Join PW’s UPSC online courses today!

DOWNLOAD PDF