Batukeshwar Dutt

Context: Recently India celebrated Batukeshwar Dutt’s legacy on his birth anniversary, a revolutionary often overshadowed despite his pivotal role in the freedom struggle.

About Batukeshwar Dutt

• Born on November 18, 1910, in Burdwan(now Purva Burdwan, West Bengal) Bengal. He joined revolutionary activities at a young age.
• He joined the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928, around the time the organization was being reorganized and renamed from the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).
  • He was a close associate of Bhagat Singh and became an active member of the HSRA in Kanpur.

Key Contributions

• Delhi Assembly Bombing (1929): Alongside Bhagat Singh, threw harmless bombs in the Central Assembly on April 8, 1929, to “make the deaf hear”.
  • He was arrested, tried, and convicted and chose imprisonment as political protest.
• Years in Prison: Spent nine years across jails in Multan, Jhelum, Trichinopoly, Salem, and Andamans.
  • Undertook repeated hunger strikes demanding humane treatment for political prisoners.
• Rearrested during the Quit India Movement; jailed again from 1942–46.
• Final year: He died on July 20, 1965 and was cremated at Hussainiwala National Martyrs’ Memorial, Punjab where Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev memorials exist

National Press Day 2025

Context: National Press Day, celebrated on November 16, marks the start of the Press Council of India.

About National Press Day

• Celebrated annually on 16 November to highlight the importance of press freedom and ethical journalism.
• Marks the foundation of the Press Council of India in 1966, reconstituted in 1979.
  • The Idea for the Council was first proposed by the First Press Commission in 1956
• The day celebrates high journalistic standards through the National Awards for Excellence in Journalism and the release of a Souvenir featuring expert viewpoints and awardees’ work.

About Press Council of India (PCI)

• Statutory autonomous body under the Press Council Act, 1978.
• Mandate: Preserve press freedom and improve journalistic standards.
• Handles complaints on press freedom violations, ethical misconduct, and can take suo moto cognizance.

Key Facts

• India’s Media Landscape: Registered publications have risen from 60,143 in 2004–05 to 1.54 lakh in 2024–25
• Rank in World Press Freedom  index: India ranked 151st with a total score of 32.96 in the World Press Freedom Index in 2025, moving up 8 places from 159th last year.

Integrated Forum on Climate Change and Trade (IFCCT)

Context: Recently, COP30 launched IFCCT to address rising tensions at the intersection of trade policy and climate action.

About the Integrated Forum on Climate Change and Trade (IFCCT)

• The IFCCT is a new, politically supported platform created under the COP30 Presidency to enable structured dialogue on the interlinkages between climate measures and global trade systems.
• Objective: The IFCCT aims to provide a non-negotiating but formal space where countries can openly discuss how trade policies, climate ambition, and developmental priorities interact.
  • It seeks to manage growing disputes arising from unilateral climate-related trade measures such as tariffs and border carbon adjustments.
• Forum operations: It is an open-ended, country-driven consultation process extending into 2026.
  • It will operate alongside multilateral structures such as the UNFCCC and engage closely with the World Trade Organization, situating discussions within established global trade governance.

Significance

• It offers a structured mechanism to prevent escalating climate-trade frictions from fragmenting global markets and destabilising supply chains.
• It strengthens the voice of developing countries by creating space to highlight unequal capacities and the need for common but differentiated responsibilities.
• It supports the emergence of interoperable climate-trade rules, reducing unpredictability caused by rapidly growing climate-linked trade instruments.
• It aims to rebuild trust among major economies and guide the global system toward coherent, climate-aligned, and development-friendly trade policies.

e-Jagriti

Context: India’s e-Jagriti platform has rapidly transformed consumer grievances delivering faster disposal, higher accessibility, and improved transparency for domestic and NRI users.

• As of November 2025, it has facilitated 1,30,550 filings and 1,27,058 disposals, showcasing high efficiency.

About e-Jagriti

• e- Justice And Grievance Redressal through Information Technology and Innovation is a unified digital grievance redressal system developed by the Department of Consumer Affairs to streamline and modernize consumer justice delivery across India.
• Launch: The platform was launched on 1 January 2025.
• Objective: To provide swift, accessible, and technology-driven consumer dispute resolution for citizens and NRIs through a unified digital interface.

Key Features

• The platform offers OTP-based registration, virtual hearings, real-time case tracking, and digital or offline fee payments.
• It provides multilingual support, AI-enabled assistance, chatbot help, and voice-to-text tools for elderly and differently-abled users.
• It ensures secure access with end-to-end encryption, role-based permissions, and integration with Bharat Kosh and PayGov payment gateways.
• It merges the Online Consumer Mediation System (OCMS), e-Daakhil (electronic filing platform), National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission Case Management System (NCDRC CMS), and Computerised Network System (CONFONET) into a single interface to reduce fragmentation and paperwork.

Significance: e-Jagriti strengthens citizen-centric governance by delivering inclusive, transparent, and efficient consumer justice through a fully digital, accessible, and nationwide platform.

Exercise AJEYA WARRIOR-25

Context: India and the United Kingdom have begun the eighth edition of Exercise AJEYA WARRIOR-25 in Rajasthan to enhance joint counter-terror operational capabilities.

About AJEYA WARRIOR-2025

• AJEYA WARRIOR is a biennial India-UK joint military exercise aimed at strengthening professional cooperation and improving interoperability between the two armies.
  • The First edition of the exercise took place in  2011.
• Venue: Foreign Training Node, Mahajan Field Firing Ranges, Rajasthan.
• Focus Area
  • The exercise is held under a United Nations mandate and focuses on counter-terrorism operations in semi-urban environments.
  • It includes joint mission planning at brigade level, integrated tactical drills, simulation-based scenarios, and company-level field exercises.
  • The exercise features equal participation of 240 personnel from both armies, with the Indian Army represented by the Sikh Regiment.
• Significance: The exercise strengthens operational coordination, facilitates sharing of best practices, and reinforces India-UK defence cooperation to support regional stability and global peace.

ColoNoX

Context: The Department of Atomic Energy has launched India’s first nitric-oxide wound dressing for diabetic foot ulcers, marking a major advancement in nuclear science–based healthcare solutions.

About ColoNoX

• ColoNoX is India’s first nitric-oxide-releasing wound dressing developed by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and commercialized in collaboration with Cologenesis Pvt. Ltd. for treating diabetic foot ulcers.

Features

• The dressing releases controlled nitric oxide to promote faster wound healing, reduce infection risk, and improve tissue recovery in diabetic patients.
• It has undergone successful Phase II and Phase III clinical trials demonstrating safety and efficacy for diabetic foot ulcer management.
• It received Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) approval for commercial production, ensuring regulated and widespread medical access.
• It provides an affordable, non-invasive, and advanced therapeutic option tailored for India’s high diabetic population.

Role of Nitric oxide

• Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial signaling molecule that plays a vital role in wound healing by regulating inflammation, promoting cell proliferation, and stimulating collagen formation.
• It influences the vascular response to injury, helps control the inflammatory response, has antimicrobial effects, and aids in the later stages of wound remodeling and closure

Significance

• The innovation strengthens India’s biomedical capabilities by applying nuclear science for societal benefit, offering a cost-effective solution to reduce amputations and improve diabetic patient outcomes nationwide.

Sentinel-6B Satellite

Context: Recently, Sentinel-6B, a new ocean-monitoring satellite, was launched to enhance global sea-level and climate observations.

• It is the successor to the Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich (Sentinel-6A) satellite, which was launched in November 2020..

About Sentinel-6B

• It  is an ocean-tracking satellite with six onboard science instruments jointly developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the European Space Agency (ESA).

Key Objectives

• To measure global sea-level rise with high precision, providing accurate data for climate and ocean-state monitoring.
• To map ocean temperature, waves, and surface topography, improving global weather and storm-forecasting models.
• To strengthen early-warning capabilities for storms, floods, and extreme weather events through enhanced real-time data.
• To support maritime operations by aiding navigation, securing undersea cables and pipelines, and enhancing shipping safety.

Significance

• Sentinel-6B, paired with its twin satellite Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, will together deliver high-resolution measurements covering over 90% of the world’s oceans.

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