A recent study by Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali (INST) reveals that nanoplastics generated from single-use PET bottles pose significant health risks for humans.

• INST is an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DST).

Key Findings of the Study

• Impact on Gut Microbes: Long-term exposure to PET-derived nanoplastics reduced the growth and protective functions of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, while heightening stress responses and antibiotic sensitivity.
• Effects on Human Cells: Nanoplastics caused membrane disruption in red blood cells and induced DNA damage, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in human epithelial cells.

About Nanoplastics

• Nanoplastics are extremely small plastic particles, typically below 1 μm in size, formed through the breakdown of larger plastic waste, including consumer packaging.

• Sources
• • Fragmentation of single-use plastics such as PET bottles, carry bags, and food packaging.
  • Degradation processes like sunlight exposure, mechanical abrasion, and industrial shredding.
  • Release during manufacturing, recycling, and improper disposal of plastic products.

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Health Impact of Nanoparticles

• Internal Accumulation: Nanoplastics can enter the human body through food, water, air, and packaging contact, accumulating in tissues.
• Microbiome Disruption: They interfere with beneficial gut bacteria that regulate immunity, metabolism, and mental health, weakening host defences.
• Cellular Damage: Evidence shows they trigger oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation, altered metabolism, and inflammatory signalling in human cells.
• Blood Effects: High concentrations can destabilize red blood cell membranes, causing hemolysis and impairing oxygen transport.
• Systemic Risks: Their small size and bioactive nature allow them to cross biological barriers, potentially affecting multiple organs over prolonged exposure.

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