The Lok Sabha passed the Health Security se National Security Cess Bill, 2025 to levy a special cess on pan masala manufacturing units to fund health and defence needs.

Objectives of the Health Security se National Security Cess Bill, 2025 

• Generate Dedicated Revenue: Mobilise additional resources by levying a cess on pan masala manufacturing to fund national security and public health.
• Strengthen Defence Preparedness: Create a predictable funding stream to support capital-intensive modern warfare requirements such as precision weapons, autonomous systems, and space–cyber capabilities.
• Support Public Health Measures: Channel part of the revenue to states to address health risks associated with harmful products.

Key Provisions of the Bill 

• Levy on Production Capacity: A cess is imposed on owners/controllers of machines or manual processes used to manufacture pan masala and notified goods, calculated per machine or per manual unit.
• Graded Machine-Based Cess Rates: Cess varies by machine speed and pouch weight, ranging from ₹1.01 crore/month (≤500 pouches/min) to ₹25.47 crore/month (1,001–1,500 pouches/min).
• Manual Production Cess: Wholly manual units must pay a fixed monthly cess of ₹11 lakh per factory, regardless of output.
• Enforcement, Audit & Penalties: Commissioner-rank officers may audit records; violations attract penalties of ₹10,000 or equivalent evaded cess, with imprisonment (1–5 years) for fraud above ₹1 crore.
• Appeals Mechanism: A structured three-level appeal framework is established, allowing grievances to be escalated from the Appellate Authority to the Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT) , and further to the High Court on significant questions of law.

Current Structure of Taxation

• The cess replaces the Compensation Cess under GST but does not affect GST revenues.
• Pan masala continues to face the maximum GST rate of 40% based on consumption.
• Cess will be shared with states since public health is a State subject.

Rationale Behind the Bill

• Rising Defence Needs: Modern warfare requires costly precision weapons, autonomous systems, and space/cyber capabilities; defence resources must be “periodically updated.”
• Public Health Burden: Pan masala/gutkha contribute significantly to health hazards, justifying targeted taxation to create a health-security pool.
• Revenue Gap: Cess currently constitutes only 6.1% of gross revenue, lower than 7% during 2010–14—necessitating new predictable revenue streams.

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Conclusion

The Bill creates a dedicated, predictable fund for India’s defence and public health priorities by taxing hard-to-monitor production capacity, aligning fiscal policy with contemporary security and health challenges.

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