The U.S. has released its first National Security Strategy under Trump’s second term.

About National Security Strategy

• Legal Basis: The U.S. National Security Strategy is mandated by the Goldwater–Nichols Act of 1986.
• Nature of the NSS: It is a grand strategy that reveals how the US views the world for the coming years.
  • The strategy exhibits a paradox: the desire to maintain Global Dominance while pursuing Isolationism.
  • This approach is termed Transactional Realism, meaning the US seeks to assert dominance but is unwilling to bear the cost or security burden for its allies.

Foreign Policy Priorities Outlined In the Strategy

• End of Mass Migration: Washington has identified that the era of mass migration has ended.
• Protection of Core Rights and Liberties: Core rights and liberties, including freedom of speech and religion, need to be protected more than ever.
• Reduced Global Burden: The U.S. will no longer carry the full burden of global security.
  • Atlas Syndrome: The feeling of carrying the weight of the world on one’s shoulders, especially in the context of reducing responsibilities or retrenchment.
  • Derived from the story of the Titan Atlas from Greek mythology, who is forced to hold up the sky.
• Shepherding Peace Deals: It will continue brokering peace deals worldwide to solidify U.S. influence abroad.
• Economic Security: Economic security is a top foreign policy priority. 
  • Key measures include balanced trade, secure access to critical materials, reindustrialisation, stronger defence and energy infrastructure, and leveraging Wall Street and global digital finance. 

Concerns Regarding Europe

• Patronising Tone: The NSS warns Europe of possible civilizational erasure due to its economic decline
  • It faults Germany and EU countries with unstable minority governments whose policy actions do not match their stated desire for peace in the context of Russia’s war in Ukraine.
• Germany’s Pushback: Germany’s Foreign Minister stated that issues of freedom and governance in Germany do not belong in the U.S. NSS and that the country does not need external advice.

Implications of NSS

• Anxiety About the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO): The NSS has raised concerns about NATO’s effectiveness and cohesion.
• Risk of Autocracy: By making allies take greater regional responsibility, the U.S. may reduce its own role, giving autocrats more freedom to act aggressively and violate international norms.

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Conclusion

The new U.S. National Security Strategy signals a shift toward transactional realism, combining assertive global ambitions with reduced burdens. While prioritising economic security and selective engagement, it risks weakening alliances, unsettling Europe, and emboldening autocratic powers worldwide.

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