ZSI Discovers Pollution-Resilient Polychaete Worms

Researchers from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), have discovered two new species of nereidid polychaete (marine) worms along the West Bengal Coast in the northern Bay of Bengal.

• These worms are being described as “bio-warriors” because they thrive in polluted, extreme environments where most species cannot survive.

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About the Discovered Species

1. Namalycastis solenotognatha:
   • Etymology and Unique Feature: The name derives from Greek words meaning “channeled jaw,” referring to its unusual jaw structure containing multiple canals.
   • Habitat Preference: It thrives in extreme environments such as sulfide-rich, foul-smelling mudflats.
   • Ecological Niche: It is commonly found on decomposing mangrove wood and hardened clay surfaces.
   • Adaptation and Resilience: Its survival in toxic habitats indicates high tolerance to harsh environmental conditions.
2. Nereis dhritiae
   • Etymology : The species is named after Dr Dhriti Banerjee, the first woman director of ZSI.
   • Habitat and Behaviour: It is found inside wooden dock piles on sandy beaches submerged during high tide.
   • Coastal Adaptation: The species demonstrates specialised survival strategies in human-altered coastal zones

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Significance of the Species

• Ecological Role of Nereidid Worms
  • Nutrient Cycling: These worms play an important role in recycling organic matter in coastal ecosystems.
  • Sediment Aeration: Their burrowing activity improves oxygen flow and sediment health.
  • Coastal Ecosystem Maintenance: They contribute to sustaining the productivity of mudflats and near-shore habitats
• Indicator of Pollution Resilience
  • Survival in Polluted Zones: Both species were found in habitats heavily impacted by industrial pollution and human activity.
  • Bioindicator Potential: Their presence can serve as an ecological marker for monitoring coastal health and pollution levels.
  • Research Implication: Polychaetes are increasingly viewed as useful tools for environmental assessment.
• Conservation and Policy Relevance: The discovery reinforces the importance of safeguarding fragile marine ecosystems despite degradation

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