Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Birth Anniversary

Context:

The Prime Minister paid tributes to former Prime Minister, Shri Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on his birth anniversary.

Born to Motilal Nehru and Swarup Rani on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, often referred to as Pandit Nehru, was the first Prime Minister of independent India.
November 14, is celebrated in India as Children’s Day in his honor.
1912: Nehru returned to India in 1912 and became an advocate but he didn’t enjoy practicing law.
1916: In 1916, he joined Annie Besant’s Home Rule League.
1920: He met Mahatma Gandhi and entered the freedom struggle at the national level during the Non-Cooperation Movement.
1929-31: In the 1929 Lahore session, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru sought complete independence for India.
- In 1929-31, He drafted a resolution called Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy.
- The resolution was ratified by the Congress party during the Karachi Session in 1931
1936: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru presided over the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress
1940: He participated in a limited civil disobedience campaign launched by Gandhi and was sentenced to four years’ imprisonment.
1942: Gandhi designated Nehru his political heir in 1942.
1947: He became the first Prime Minister of Independent India.
1955: He was conferred the Bharat Ratna.
1964: he passed away on May 27, 1964

Literary Work: The Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History, and his autobiography Toward Freedom, Letters from a Father to His Daughter.
Education: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru established institutions of higher learning including IITs, AIIMS, and IIMs.
- He even included free and compulsory primary education for all children in his five-year plan.
Industrial Development: He established heavy industries including Iron and Steel plants in Durgapur, Rourkela.
Institutions: Nehru laid the stepping stone for the foundation of the National Defence Academy and the Atomic Energy Commission.
Foreign Policy: He initiated the non-aligned movement.
- In 1954, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru signed with China the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, known as the Panchsheel.
- He held the external affairs portfolio and is credited as the architect of India’s foreign policy.
Governance: In 1953, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru appointed the States Reorganisation Commission for the creation of states on linguistic lines.