• Measures taken before the occurrence of disaster aimed at minimising loss of life, disruption of critical services, and damage when the disaster occurs.
• Preparedness includes the formulation of viable emergency plans, development of warning systems, maintenance of inventories, training of personnel, search and rescue measures, and evacuation plans for areas at risk from a recurring disaster.

2. Mitigation: 

• Measures taken to reduce both the effect of the hazard and the vulnerability in order to reduce the scale of a future disaster.

• Examples of mitigation measures: Water management in drought-prone areas, relocating people away from the hazard-prone areas, strengthening structures to reduce damage when a hazard occurs, and reducing the economic and social vulnerabilities of potential disasters.

Yokohama Strategy and International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)

Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World

• Disaster: A serious disruption in the functioning of the community or society.
• Hazard: A dangerous condition or event that threatens or has the potential to cause injury to life or damage to property.
• Feminine: A lack of food over a long period of time in a large area that can cause the death of many people.
• Technological Disaster: A technological disaster is an event caused by a malfunction of a technological structure or some human error in controlling or handling the technology.
• Wind Storm:  A wind that is strong enough to cause light damage to trees and buildings and may or may not be accompanied by precipitation. Wind speeds during a windstorm typically exceed 55 km per hour.
• Meteorology: Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere, atmospheric phenomena, and atmospheric effects on our weather.
• Meteorological Disaster: Disaster caused by extreme weather produced by the earth’s atmosphere.
• Geological Disaster:  Natural disasters caused by a geological process are called geological disasters. These are earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and landslides.
• Epidemic: An epidemic is a sudden disease outbreak that affects a large number of people in a particular region, community, or population.
• Plates: A tectonic plate is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.
• Disaster Management Bill,2005: The act aims to establish an efficient disaster management system for the country in the event of natural and man-made calamities.