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Home/Blogs/Total Amendments in Indian Constitution 2025, Updated List!

Total Amendments in Indian Constitution 2025, Updated List!

Amendments in the Indian Constitution ensure adaptability, reflecting socio-political changes. Explore how these Amendments in the Indian Constitution drive reforms.

Total Amendments in Indian Constitution 2025, Updated List!

Amendments in Indian Constitution are required to maintain the relevance and vitality of India’s supreme law. Since its adoption on January 26, 1950, the Indian Constitution has been amended many times to address emerging socio-political and economic challenges. These amendments have been necessary to include modern changes while protecting the core values laid out by the composers of the Constitution. Understanding the significance, process, and important amendments is essential for candidates preparing for prestigious exams like UPSC.

What are Amendments in the Indian Constitution?

The amendments to the Indian Constitution are changes made to ensure it remains adaptable over time. These amendments can affect any part of the Constitution, including fundamental rights, various institutions’ powers, and governance provisions.

Article 368 of the Indian Constitution summarises the detailed procedure for these amendments. It allows Parliament to make changes either by a simple majority, a special majority, or by involving both the Parliament and State Legislatures in some instances. However, Parliament can not alter the Constitution’s “basic structure.”

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Types of Amendments of Indian Constitution

Under Article 368, there are three main methods for introducing amendments:

  1. Simple Majority: Some constitutional provisions can be amended by a simple majority of both houses of Parliament.
  2. Special Majority: Most of the amendments need a special majority, which means more than 50% of the total strength of the house, and at least two-thirds of the members present and voting.
  3. Special Majority with State Ratification: Specific amendments that affect federal provisions, such as the distribution of powers between the Centre and the states, also require the approval of at least 50% of state legislatures.

These methods ensure that any Amendments in the Indian Constitution are passed with adequate consideration and representation while maintaining the democratic fabric of the nation.

Amendment Procedure of Indian Constitution

Here is the Amendment Procedure of the Indian Constitution:

1. A bill for amendment can only be introduced in Parliament, not in State Legislatures.

2. It can be introduced by a minister or a private member without needing the President’s prior permission.
Approval in Parliament:

3. The bill must be passed by a Special Majority in both Houses:

  • Majority of the total membership.
  • Two-thirds of members present and voting.
  • No joint sitting is allowed if there’s a disagreement between the two Houses.

3. For federal provisions, the bill also needs approval by at least half of the state legislatures with a Simple Majority.
President’s Assent:

4. The President must give assent and cannot withhold or return the bill.
Amendment Enacted:

5. Once the President signs, the bill becomes a Constitutional Amendment Act, officially changing the Constitution.

List of Important Amendments in the Indian Constitution

Over 100 amendments have been made to the Constitution since its inception and adoption. Here is a summary table of the 106 Constitutional Amendments made to the Indian Constitution till 2024.

List of Important Amendments in the Indian Constitution
Amendment No. Year Purpose/Description
1st 1951 Empowered the state to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and economically backward classes.
2nd 1952 Re-adjusted the scale of representation in the Lok Sabha.
3rd 1954 Changed the limits for legislative seats in the state of Tripura.
4th 1955 Restricted property rights and compensation in case of compulsory acquisition by the state.
5th 1955 Facilitated the amendment of boundaries of states and union territories.
6th 1956 Made special provisions for the administration of tribal areas in Assam, Manipur, and other states.
7th 1956 Reorganized states on linguistic lines and created new states and union territories.
8th 1960 Extended reservation for SC/ST in legislatures for another 10 years.
9th 1960 Adjusted the boundaries of Assam and West Bengal.
10th 1961 Incorporated Dadra and Nagar Haveli into the Union of India as a Union Territory.
11th 1961 Changed election-related provisions and qualifications of the President and Vice-President.
12th 1962 Incorporated Goa, Daman, and Diu into the Union of India.
13th 1962 Created the State of Nagaland and made special provisions for it.
14th 1962 Incorporated Pondicherry into the Union of India as a Union Territory.
15th 1963 Changed the age for retirement of High Court judges and enhanced Parliament’s powers.
16th 1963 Tightened restrictions on anti-national activities and required loyalty oaths for public officials.
17th 1964 Further restricted property rights, especially regarding land reform laws.
18th 1966 Clarified the powers of state and central legislatures over the delimitation of constituencies.
19th 1966 Changed powers of election tribunals and courts regarding election disputes.
20th 1966 Validated appointments of district judges retrospectively.
21st 1967 Added Sindhi as an official language.
22nd 1969 Created a new autonomous state in Assam (Meghalaya).
23rd 1969 Extended reservation for SC/STs and Anglo-Indians in legislatures for another 10 years.
24th 1971 Made it mandatory for the President to assent to Constitutional Amendments.
25th 1971 Limited the right to property and prioritized Directive Principles over Fundamental Rights.
26th 1971 Abolished privy purses paid to former rulers.
27th 1971 Created the Union Territory of Mizoram with a Legislature.
28th 1972 Abolished special privileges for ICS officers.
29th 1972 Included two Kerala land reform acts in the Ninth Schedule.
30th 1972 Changed the basis for determining quotas in the Lok Sabha and state legislatures based on the 1971 Census.
31st 1973 Increased the size of the Lok Sabha from 525 to 545 members.
32nd 1974 Created Sikkim as an Associate State of India.
33rd 1974 Amended the procedure for the resignation of members of Parliament and State Legislatures.
34th 1974 Added 20 more land reform acts to the Ninth Schedule.
35th 1975 Made Sikkim a “Full State” of India.
36th 1975 Sikkim was formally recognized as a state of India.
37th 1975 Created the Union Territory of Arunachal Pradesh.
38th 1975 Enhanced the powers of the President and Governors regarding emergency declarations.
39th 1975 Barred the courts from interfering in the election of the Prime Minister, Speaker, and President.
40th 1976 Placed more land reform laws in the Ninth Schedule.
41st 1976 Raised the retirement age of the High Court and Supreme Court judges to 62.
42nd 1976 Known as the “Mini Constitution,” it significantly altered the structure and framework of the Constitution.
43rd 1977 Restored some of the powers of the judiciary that had been curtailed by the 42nd Amendment.
44th 1978 Reversed many provisions of the 42nd Amendment, especially concerning Fundamental Rights.
45th 1980 Extended reservations for SC/ST and Anglo-Indians in legislatures for another 10 years.
46th 1982 Allowed the government to levy sales tax on goods, including food.
47th 1984 Added more land reform laws to the Ninth Schedule.
48th 1984 Allowed the extension of the President’s rule in Punjab.
49th 1984 Provided special status for tribal areas in Tripura.
50th 1984 Enhanced the service conditions of members of the armed forces.
51st 1984 Reserved seats for STs in Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, and Mizoram.
52nd 1985 Introduced the anti-defection law to prevent political defections.
53rd 1986 Made special provisions for the state of Mizoram.
54th 1986 Increased the salaries of Supreme Court and High Court judges.
55th 1987 Granted statehood to Arunachal Pradesh.
56th 1987 Granted statehood to Goa, with Daman and Diu as a Union Territory.
57th 1987 Reserved legislative seats for STs in Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, and Meghalaya.
58th 1987 Allowed the President to publish authoritative Hindi translations of the Constitution.
59th 1988 Allowed the declaration of emergency in Punjab due to internal disturbances.
60th 1988 Increased the ceiling for taxes on professions, trades, callings, and employment.
61st 1989 Reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years.
62nd 1989 Extended reservations for SC/ST and Anglo-Indians in legislatures for another 10 years.
63rd 1989 Repealed the 59th Amendment regarding emergency powers in Punjab.
64th 1990 Extended President’s rule in Punjab.
65th 1990 Established the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
66th 1990 Added more land reform laws to the Ninth Schedule.
67th 1990 Extended President’s rule in Punjab.
68th 1991 Extended President’s rule in Punjab.
69th 1991 Granted special status to Delhi, it was designated as the National Capital Territory.
70th 1992 Included members of Delhi and Pondicherry legislatures in the electoral college for Presidential elections.
71st 1992 Added Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali languages to the Eighth Schedule.
72nd 1992 Provided for reservations in Tripura’s tribal areas.
73rd 1993 Introduced the Panchayati Raj system and strengthened local self-government.
74th 1993 Strengthened urban local bodies through Municipalities.
75th 1994 Provided for rent control legislation.
76th 1994 Placed Tamil Nadu’s reservation law in the Ninth Schedule.
77th 1995 Provided reservation for promotions for SC/STs in government jobs.
78th 1995 Added more land reform laws to the Ninth Schedule.
79th 1999 Extended reservations for SC/ST and Anglo-Indians in legislatures for another 10 years.
80th 2000 Altered the revenue-sharing formula between the Centre and States.
81st 2000 Allowed the government to fill backlog vacancies in promotions for SC/STs.
82nd 2000 Relaxed the qualifying marks for SC/STs in examinations.
83rd 2000 Exempted Arunachal Pradesh from reservation in Panchayats.
84th 2001 Extended the freeze on parliamentary seats based on the 1971 Census until 2026.
85th 2001 Provided for “consequential seniority” in promotions for SC/STs.
86th 2002 Made education a Fundamental Right for children aged 6 to 14 years.
87th 2003 Provided for delimitation of constituencies based on the 2001 Census.
88th 2003 Introduced service tax and included it in the Union List.
89th 2003 Bifurcated the National Commission for SC/ST into two separate commissions.
90th 2003 Provided for provisions in Assam’s autonomous districts for the ST population.
91st 2004 Imposed limits on the size of the Council of Ministers and strengthened anti-defection laws.
92nd 2004 Added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali to the Eighth Schedule.
93rd 2006 Allowed for reservations for OBCs in educational institutions.
94th 2006 The provision for a separate Minister for Tribal Welfare in Bihar and Jharkhand was removed.
95th 2010 Extended reservation for SC/ST and Anglo-Indians in legislatures for another 10 years.
96th 2011 Substituted “Odia” for “Oriya” in the Eighth Schedule.
97th 2012 Gave constitutional status to cooperative societies.
98th 2013 Empowered the Governor of Karnataka to take special steps for the development of the Hyderabad-Karnataka Region.
99th 2014 Established the National Judicial Appointments Commission (later struck down by the Supreme Court).
100th 2015 Amended the India-Bangladesh land boundary agreement.
101st 2016 Introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST).
102nd 2018 Gave constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes.
103rd 2019 Provided for 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) in educational institutions and government jobs.
104th 2020 Extended reservations for SC/ST in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies but ended Anglo-Indian representation.
105th 2021 Restored the power of states to identify and notify Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
106th 2023 It reserved 1/3 of the seats for the women in the Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and the Delhi Legislative Assemblies, including those seats reserved for SCs and STs.

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Total Amendments in the Indian Constitution

As of the year 2024, there have been 106 total amendments in the Indian Constitution till date. Each of the amendments highlights the evolving needs of Indian society and governance. From land reforms and reservation policies to taxation and fundamental rights, these amendments cover a wide range of issues that are essential to the nation’s development.

Latest amendment in Constitution

The 106th Amendment Act, 2023, introduced a one-third reservation of seats in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies. Increasing women’s involvement in politics and addressing the challenges posed by the patriarchal political environment were the objectives. The 106th Constitutional Amendment includes several important provisions aimed at strengthening women’s representation in Indian politics. It introduces Article 239AA, which provides one-third reservation for women in the Delhi Legislative Assembly.

Article 330A ensures one-third reservation for women in the Lok Sabha, including seats reserved for SC/ST categories. Similarly, Article 332A grants one-third reservation for women in all State Legislative Assemblies, covering SC/ST seats as well. Lastly, Article 334A states that the implementation of these provisions will take place after delimitation, with a 15-year sunset clause, allowing for possible extension and rotation of reserved seats in the future.

106th Amendment Act 2023

The Women’s Reservation Bill has had a long and challenging journey since its introduction. It was first introduced in 1996 and later in 1998, 1999, and 2008 in both Parliament and various state assemblies. However, the bill lapsed several times due to the dissolution of the Lok Sabha. In 2008, it was passed in the Rajya Sabha but failed to pass in the Lok Sabha. Finally, in 2023, the Women’s Reservation Bill, also known as the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, gained strong support from both houses. The bill ensures one-third reservation for women in the Lok Sabha, state assemblies, and Delhi Assembly, effective after the next census and delimitation.

Importance of the “Basic Structure” Doctrine

The Parliament has the power to amend the Constitution, but it cannot change the “basic structure” as per the landmark 1973 Kesavananda Bharati case. The Supreme Court ruled that certain elements of the Constitution, such as its federal nature, secularism, democracy, and the separation of powers, cannot be amended. This doctrine ensures that the fundamental identity of the Constitution remains intact despite the total amendments in the Indian Constitution.

Amendments in the Indian Constitution PDF

For aspirants and researchers, having access to constitutional amendment pdf can be very helpful. These PDF versions will provide a chronological record of amendments, helping in a better understanding of the evolution of the Constitution. Physics Wallah and official government portals offer amendments in the Indian Constitution PDF for download.

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Importance of Amendments in the Indian Constitution for UPSC

Understanding the amendments in the Indian Constitution is crucial for aspiring candidates preparing for civil services, especially the UPSC exam. Questions often revolve around the most significant amendments, their implications, and the amendment process itself. A factual and reliable understanding of this topic will help in multiple sections like polity, governance, and essay writing in the UPSC exams.

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Conclusion

The Amendments in the Indian Constitution play an essential role in ensuring that the Constitution remains a living document, capable of meeting the changing needs of society. For UPSC aspirants and those interested in governance, understanding these amendments is crucial for learning the nuances of India’s legal and political system. By studying the list of important amendments in the Indian constitution, and accessing amendments in the Indian constitution pdf, one can get a comprehensive view of the evolution of Indian democracy. With the total amendments in Indian constitution till date standing at 106, it is clear that the Indian Constitution has been and will continue to be a dynamic and evolving framework for governance.

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Major Constitutional Amendments Indian Constitution
BASIC STRUCTURE OF CONSTITUTION Features Of Indian Constitution
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Frequently Asked Questions

How many total amendments are there in the Indian Constitution till date?

As of 2024, there are 106 total amendments in the Indian Constitution to date, reflecting the evolving needs of governance and society.

What is the significance of the Forty-Second Amendment?

The Forty-Second Amendment is known as the "mini-Constitution" as it introduced extensive changes, including expanding Directive Principles and curbing judicial review powers.

Where can I find all constitutional amendments in the Indian Constitution?

You can access all constitutional amendments listed on various governments and you may also refer to this guidepost, which offers a detailed chronological record of each amendment.

Why is the Basic Structure Doctrine important?

The Basic Structure Doctrine ensures that while Parliament can amend the Constitution, it cannot alter its core values like federalism, democracy, and secularism.

What was the purpose of the First Amendment in the Indian Constitution?

The First Amendment in 1951 allowed the state to make laws limiting free speech, particularly to prevent activities that threatened national security.

How can I download amendments in Indian Constitution PDFs for UPSC preparation?

For UPSC preparation, you can download amendments in the Indian Constitution pdf from official sources, which will help you study all significant amendments in detail.

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