The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Defence has selected 17 topics for deliberation this year, one of which focuses on the Indian armed forces’ preparedness to handle non-kinetic or hybrid warfare.

Strengthening India’s Defence: Key Focus Areas

• Hybrid Warfare Preparedness: The panel will study the armed forces’ ability to counter hybrid warfare, which combines both traditional military methods (kinetic) and modern tactics like cyberattacks (non-kinetic).
• Other topics to review
  • Strategic Preparedness:
    • The committee will assess the strategic preparedness of India’s armed forces, including border security and the stand-off with China at the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
  • Indigenous Defence Production:
    • The panel will review the progress in indigenous production of military equipment to reduce reliance on foreign imports.
  • Ex-Servicemen Welfare:
    • Policies related to resettlement, healthcare, and other welfare measures for ex-servicemen will also be discussed, along with assessing policies for the families of fallen soldiers.

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About Non-Kinetic Warfare

Non-kinetic warfare focuses on achieving military goals without relying on physical combat or traditional weapons. Instead, it uses modern, non-physical methods.

• Non-kinetic warfare involves methods beyond traditional combat, such as electronic, cyber, and information warfare.
• It can include attacks on infrastructure like power grids and hospitals, disrupting critical systems without physical combat.
• Key Characteristics of Non-Kinetic Warfare:
  • Cyberattacks:
    • This involves targeting a country’s digital infrastructure, such as power grids, financial systems, or communication networks, to disrupt normal operations.
  • Information Warfare:
    • Manipulating information, spreading disinformation, or controlling media to influence public opinion or undermine trust in institutions.
  • Psychological Operations:
    • Using psychological tactics to weaken an enemy’s morale, create fear, or spread confusion among troops or civilians.
  • Economic Sanctions:
    • Imposing financial and trade restrictions on a country to weaken its economy and force political or military concessions without direct conflict.

Non-Kinetic Warfare vs Kinetic Warfare

Significance of Non-Kinetic Warfare in Modern Conflicts

• Achieving Objectives Without Direct Combat
  • Non-kinetic warfare helps achieve military goals without the need for physical confrontation or traditional weapons.
• Cost-Effective Approach
  • It is often more affordable than conventional warfare, as it relies on tactics like cyberattacks and information control, which require fewer resources.
• Reducing Civilian Casualties
  • Since there is no direct physical conflict, this method minimizes the risk of harming civilians and causing destruction to infrastructure.
• Global Impact
  • Non-kinetic tactics can be carried out from anywhere in the world, allowing nations to influence or disrupt targets across the globe.

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Challenges Faced by Indian Armed Forces in Preparing for Non-Kinetic Warfare

• Rapid Technology Changes
  • Technology is changing quickly, allowing enemies to use new methods like cyber and electronic attacks. This makes it hard for the armed forces to keep up.
• Cybersecurity Risks
  • Protecting important systems like power grids and communication networks from cyberattacks is very important. 
    • These attacks can harm a country without any physical fighting.
• Information Warfare
  • False information and propaganda can change how people think and create problems within the country. 
    • It is challenging to stop these lies and keep information accurate.
• Economic and Diplomatic Challenges
  • Non-kinetic warfare can include things like economic sanctions and cutting off diplomatic relations, which can weaken a country’s power and economy.
• Working with Non-Military Groups
• • Non-kinetic warfare often needs cooperation with non-military organizations, such as government agencies and private businesses, which makes teamwork essential.
• Ethical Considerations
  • Economic Sanctions: These sanctions pressurize the government and can cause poverty and suffering to the general public.
  • Accountability: Non-Kinetic Warfare can make it difficult to identify and attribute a specific actor which can complicate accountability and the justice system. 
  • Disinformation: Wrong information and propaganda used by manipulators can create a sense of fear among people and  destabilize societies.  

Possible Solutions

• Investing in Technology
  • The armed forces should keep spending money on new technology and improving cyber defenses to stay ahead of potential threats.
• Regular Training
  • The military should have regular training sessions to teach personnel about cyber and information warfare to improve their skills.
• Public Awareness Campaigns
  • Educating people about false information and cyber threats can help create a stronger and more aware society.
• International Cooperation
  • Working with other countries on cybersecurity and information warfare can help share intelligence and resources to tackle these issues together.
• Strong Policies and Laws
  • Creating clear policies and laws to deal with non-kinetic threats can help the armed forces respond effectively and stay organized.

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