Emerging Technologies in Aquaculture: Biofloc Technology & Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)

Emerging Technologies in Aquaculture: Biofloc Technology & Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)

India’s aquaculture sector has seen greater adoption of Biofloc Technology (BFT) and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS).

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  • Department of Fisheries is promotes BFT & RAS by offering subsidies at national and state levels.
  • Currently, India is the second-largest producer of farmed fish globally (after China), contributing to food security, employment, and economic growth.

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About Biofloc Technology (BFT)

Biofloc Technology

  • It is a sustainable aquaculture technique that uses microorganisms to convert waste products into nutrients for fish and crustaceans.
  • Biofloc: It is a protein rich live feed formed as a result of conversion of unused feed and excreta into a natural food in a culture system on exposure to sunlight and vigorous aeration.
  • Working: It  uses beneficial bacteria (floc) to convert organic waste into microbial biomass for fish consumption. It requires aeration systems for oxygen levels and mechanical filtration to maintain water quality.
  • Advantages:
    • Reduces need for chemicals/antibiotics.
    • Sustainable, cost-effective, & suitable for small farmers or backyard farming.
  • Challenges:
    • High initial investment (₹4–5 lakh).
    • Requires frequent monitoring of carbon-to-nitrogen ratios and floc levels.
    • Limited species suitability→ Indian Major Carps like rohu & catla are difficult to rear in northern regions

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About Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)

  • Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) is a technology that recycles water for fish farming in indoor tanks.
  • Working: It filters & recycles water using mechanical and biological filtration systems and creates a controlled environment for temperature, oxygen, & cleanliness.
  • Advantages:
    • It offers high biosecurity, less disease risk, and reduced need for antibiotics.
    • It is suitable for indoor farming or areas without natural water sources.
  • Challenges:
    • High investment & operational costs.
    • Requires constant power supply, backup systems, & skilled labor for monitoring and maintenance.

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