Biosolids are emerging as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional fertilisers.

What are Biosolids?

• Biosolids are organic materials obtained from the wastewater treatment process. 
• During treatment, solid waste is separated from liquids and further processed to create nutrient-rich semi-solid material. 
  • These biosolids contain essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, making them highly beneficial for soil health and crop production.
  • Examples: Milorganite, Loop, TAGRO, Dillo Dirt. 

Benefits of Using Biosolids in Agriculture

• Reduces Dependence on Chemical Fertilisers: Biosolids help reduce the need for synthetic fertilisers, cutting costs for farmers.
• Improves Soil Fertility: They enhance soil quality by adding organic matter and essential nutrients.
• Supports Sustainable Farming: By promoting the reuse of waste, biosolids contribute to environment-friendly agricultural practices.
• Helps in Waste Management: Using biosolids prevents waste accumulation and supports the principles of a circular economy.
• Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions: By reducing groundwater extraction and fertiliser production, biosolids lower carbon dioxide emissions.

Biosolids vs. chemical Fertilisers: A comparative Analysis

Biosolids Production and Usage in India

• India has about 1,024 Faecal Sludge Treatment Plants (FSTPs), generating 500 tonnes of biosolids daily. 
• These biosolids, when treated properly, can be used to enrich soil, enhance crop productivity, and reduce pollution.
• Examples of Biosolids Use in India:
  • Karunguzhi, Tamil Nadu: The local Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP) processes biosolids and sell it to farmers 
  • Loni, Uttar Pradesh: Plans are in place to sell biosolids to farmers at ₹12 per kg.
  • Odisha: Advanced co-composting and drying techniques are being used to manage biosolids effectively.
  • Devanahalli, Karnataka: Biosolids from wastewater treatment plants are converted into compost which is used in agriculture as it is a low cost soil enhancer. 

Difference between biosolids and sewage sludge 

Government Initiatives Supporting Biosolids Reuse

• Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 & AMRUT 2.0: Focus on improving sanitation and waste management.
• Waste to Wealth Mission: Encourages converting waste into useful products like compost and biogas.
• National Mission for Clean Ganga: Aims to reduce pollution and promote biosolid reuse to clean the Ganga River.

Challenges in Using Biosolids

• Lack of Proper Regulations: India does not have specific national guidelines for biosolids use.
• Public Perception and Awareness: Many people are hesitant to use biosolids due to cultural beliefs.
• Quality Standards: Unlike other countries, India’s Fertiliser Control Order (FCO) does not specify quality norms for biosolids.
• Treatment and Infrastructure Issues: Many FSTPs lack advanced treatment facilities to ensure biosolids are safe for use.

The Way Forward

To effectively integrate biosolids into Indian agriculture, the following steps are essential:

• Establish Clear Regulations – Develop strict quality standards for biosolid use.
• Improve Treatment Facilities – Invest in better technologies to ensure biosolids are safe.
• Raise Public Awareness – Educate farmers about the benefits of biosolids.
• Promote Public-Private Partnerships – Encourage businesses to invest in biosolid processing and distribution.

DOWNLOAD PDF