Brazzaville Summit On Biodiversity Ecosystem and Tropical Forests

GS Paper III Environment & Ecology

Context:

Recently, the Brazzaville Summit or Three Basins Summit was attended by more than 3,000 delegates from countries in the three basins of the Amazon, Congo and Borneo-Mekong-Southeast Asia.

Brazzaville Summit concluded with the declaration by the Heads of State and Government of the States.
Fund Commitment: There is a need to create a fund to address loss and damage due to climate change.
- Leaders urged developed countries to meet their commitments. These include the $200 billion per year by 2030, as set out in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and $100 billion per year in climate finance as new, additional, predictable and adequate resources to developing countries.
Importance of Three Basin: These basins are responsible for around three-quarters of all global biodiversity and 80 percent of the world’s forest cover.

Congo Basin

Known as the “lungs of Africa”, the Congo Basin is the largest carbon sink in the world.
The Congo Basin spans across six countries—Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon

Amazon Basin

The Amazon Basin is a vast biome that spans across—Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, and Suriname—and French Guiana.

The Borneo-Mekong-Southeast Asia Basin

It is the world’s third largest carbon sink, and is composed of two sub-regions, the island of Borneo and the Mekong River.

Recognise the value of enhanced cooperation between the three basins Recognise that sovereign management of biodiversity, forests and associated resources of the three basins is essential
Develop solutions together
Pool and capitalize on existing knowledge, experience, resources and achievements
Involve all states and national authorities, including indigenous peoples, youth, women, civil society, academia and the private sector
Encourage financial mobilization and the development of traditional and innovative financing mechanisms
Establish a sustainable system of remuneration for the ecosystem services provided by the three basins.

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework:

Aim: To halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030.
It was adopted in December 2022 at the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

News Source: Down to Earth