On June 30, 2025, Prime Minister paid tribute to India’s tribal heroes on Hul Diwas, marking the anniversary of the Santhal Rebellion (1855-56). 

• This day commemorates the valor and sacrifices of the Santhal community during one of the most significant tribal uprisings against British colonial rule.

Key Highlights of the Santhal Rebellion

• Santhal Uprising (1855-56):
  • The Santhal Rebellion was a major tribal uprising that occurred between 1855 and 1856 in the Damin-i-Koh region, Rajmahal Hills, which includes parts of present-day Jharkhand, Bihar, and West Bengal.
• Key Figures in the Rebellion:
  • Sido and Kanhu Murmu: The central leaders of the rebellion, brothers from the Santhal tribe, who became symbols of resistance.
  • Chand-Bhairav: Another important leader who joined the rebellion, embodying the unity and strength of the Santhal people in their fight for justice.
  • Phulo and Jhano: Two women leaders who played a significant role in the rebellion.
• Reasons for the Rebellion:
  • The Permanent Settlement Act of 1793 is considered a root cause of the rebellion. The Act displaced the Santhal tribes from their traditional lands in Birbhum and Manbhum (present-day Bengal).
  • Exploitation and Oppression: The Zamindars were granted control over land and its revenues, exploiting the Santhals through unfair taxation and forced labor, while the British colonial administration allowed this oppression to continue.
• Significance of the Rebellion:
  • The Santhal Rebellion is considered one of the largest and most organized tribal uprisings in colonial India, highlighting the resilience of tribal communities in resisting British rule.
  • Though the rebellion was eventually suppressed, it played a crucial role in challenging British authority and became a significant precursor to future anti-colonial movements.
  • The bravery of the Santhal leaders and their community remains a symbol of resistance and unity, contributing to India’s overall struggle for independence.

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