A study by researchers at the Central University of Kerala (CUK) has found a significant increase in monsoon rainfall in the Western Ghats over the past 800 years.
Key Findings of the Study
- The researchers analyzed lake sediments from Cheppandikere Lake in Karnataka to reconstruct Indian monsoon patterns over 1,600 years.
- Findings suggest that extreme weather events like landslides and floods in Wayanad and Kodagu (2018-2019) may be part of a long-term climatic trend rather than isolated incidents.
- The study emphasizes the need for proactive disaster preparedness, sustainable land-use planning, and conservation measures.
About Western Ghats
- Location and Extent: Stretching 1,600 km along India’s western coast, spanning Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.
- Geological Formation: Formed around 150 million years ago due to plate tectonics during the breakup of Gondwana.
- Rock Types: Consist of basalt in the north (Deccan Traps), and granite and gneiss in the south.
Biodiversity and Environmental Significance
- UNESCO Heritage Site: Recognized as one of the world’s major biodiversity hotspots.
- Biodiversity Hotspot: Home to endemic species like the Lion-tailed Macaque, Malabar Giant Squirrel, and King Cobra.
- Rich vegetation, including evergreen and shola forests.
- Water Catchment Area: Major rivers like Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, and Tungabhadra originate here, supplying water to millions.
- Climate Regulation: Acts as a barrier to monsoon winds, influencing rainfall distribution.
- Plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration, reducing climate change impact.
Cultural and Historical Significance
- Indigenous Communities: Home to several tribal groups preserving traditional ecological knowledge.
- Sacred Sites:
- Sabarimala (Hindu pilgrimage site in Kerala).
- Shravanabelagola (Jain heritage site in Karnataka).
- Traditional Art and Crafts: Includes bamboo crafts, textiles, and herbal medicine practices.
Conservation Efforts
- Protected Areas: Several national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves were established.
- For example Silent Valley National Park (Kerala) preserves rare species.
- Eco-Tourism Initiatives: Sustainable tourism is promoted to balance conservation and economic benefits.
- Government and NGO Involvement: Focus on afforestation, habitat restoration, and community-based conservation.
Challenges and Future Prospects
- Climate Change Adaptation: Rising monsoon intensity may increase landslides and floods.
- Need for green corridors and disaster preparedness plans.
- Sustainable Development: Encouraging eco-friendly agriculture and responsible tourism.
- Community Participation: Involving local communities in conservation and sustainable land-use practices.
The study underscores the importance of long-term environmental policies to mitigate risks from intensifying monsoons and safeguard the ecological and cultural wealth of the Western Ghats.
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