Indonesia Merapi Volcano Eruption

GS Paper I Geography

Context: Eleven climbers died in Indonesia after the Merapi volcano erupted in West Sumatra, Indonesia.

About Merapi Volcano

Merapi is the most active of more than 120 active volcanoes in Indonesia and has repeatedly erupted with lava and gas clouds recently.
Its last major eruption in 2010 killed 347 people and displaced 20,000 villagers

Stratovolcano:

Stratovolcano, a volcanic landform characterized by a conical shape formed by layers of volcanic material deposited during successive volcanic eruptions.

The Ring of Fire:

The Ring of Fire, also called the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.
It traces boundaries between several tectonic plates—including the Pacific, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Indian-Australian, Nazca, North American, and Philippine Plates.

Indonesia Merapi Volcano Eruption

Subduction Zone:

Subduction zone is a collision between two of Earth’s tectonic plates, where one plate sinks into the mantle underneath the other plate

Also Read: Distribution Of Volcanoes

Mount Merapi is a stratovolcano – a tall, conical volcano composed of one layer of hardened lava, tephra (fragmented material produced by a volcanic eruption) and volcanic ash.
Characteristics: These volcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions (pyroclastic flows)
- Pyroclastic flows is a fast-moving current of extremely hot gas and rock, which travels away from the volcano at very high speeds
Location: Tectonically, Merapi is situated at the subduction zone where the Indo-Australian Plate is sliding under the Eurasian Plate.
It is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.