UNHCR Global Trends Report

Context: According to the Global Trends Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 1 in every 67 people worldwide is now forcibly displaced due to conflict, violence, or persecution. 

UNHCR’s Global Trends report

• The annual report presents key statistical trends and the latest official statistics on refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced and stateless people worldwide.

Key Findings Of The Global Trends Report

• Displaced People: The number of people forcibly displaced by violence and persecution around the world has risen to more than 122 million (as of April 2025), up by about two million from last year and a near-doubling over the last decade.
• Major Crisis Zones: 
  • Sudan: World’s largest displacement crisis (14 million), surpassing Syria (13.5 million).
  • Afghanistan: Over 10 million displaced; 
  • Ukraine: 8.8 million displaced internally or abroad.
  • Rohingya Crisis: UN investigating reports of Indian naval vessels pushing refugees into the sea.
• Key Trends
  • Internally Displaced People (IDPs): Increased by 9% (73.5 million) due to conflicts like Sudan’s civil war.
  • Refugee Movements: 65% remain in neighboring countries, countering the myth of mass migration to the West.
• Recovery Signs: Nearly 2 million Syrians have returned home in the last six months, indicating early signs of recovery post-civil war.

Gaza Ceasefire Resolution in UNGA

Context: India abstained from a UN General Assembly resolution calling for a ceasefire in Gaza for the fourth time in three years.

Reasons for India’s Abstention on UNGA Ceasefire Resolution

• Support for Bilateral Dialogue – India believes direct negotiations between Israel and Palestine are more effective than unilateral resolutions, emphasizing diplomacy over symbolic votes.
• Strategic Partnerships – India’s strong defense and technological ties with Israel, alongside its economic and energy interests in Arab nations, require a balanced diplomatic approach.
• Geopolitical Considerations – India’s growing partnership with the U.S., which opposed the resolution, and broader regional stability concerns influenced its careful positioning.
• Domestic and Policy Flexibility – The government aims to maintain autonomy in foreign policy while avoiding political backlash from any overt alignment in the Israel-Palestine conflict.

About UN General Assembly

• It is the main policy formation and representation entity of the United Nations.
• The assembly meets from September to December each year in regular sessions. 
• Members: It comprises all 193 member states, each has equal right to vote. 
• Major functions: Discuss global issues, elect non-permanent members of the UN security council, and Appoints the UN Secretary-General based on the security council recommendation.

Army Successfully Tests Rudrastra

Context: Indian Army has successfully tested Rudrastra, a hybrid Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), developed by Solar Aerospace and Defence Limited (SDAL).

• Location: Trials conducted at Pokhran firing range, Rajasthan.
• Range: Covers a total distance of 170 km, including target-area loitering.
• Endurance: Sustains flight for up to 1.5 hours.
• Warhead: Armed with precision airburst munitions for wide-area anti-personnel impact.
•  Strike Capability: Executes high-altitude releases for maximum area destruction.
• Key Features: Fully autonomous operation, real-time video relay, and automatic return-to-base function.
• Significance: Enables stand-off strikes on enemy artillery and terror infrastructure.
  • Supports the Army’s push for indigenous, unmanned warfare solutions.
  • Strengthen India’s tactical and surveillance infrastructure.

Kruti – India’s First Agentic AI

Context: Krutrim, the artificial intelligence startup, recently launched Kruti, an AI assistant. Also CoRover introduced BharatGPT Mini, a small language model (SLM) developed for low-compute and infrastructure-constrained settings.

About Kruti – India’s First Agentic AI

• Krutrim AI: Developed by Ola, Krutrim is India’s first indigenous large language model (LLM)-powered assistant, trained to understand Indian languages and cultural nuances.
• Kruti: Launched in June 2025 as India’s first agentic AI assistant, Kruti performs active tasks like cab booking, bill payments, food ordering, and image generation.
• Key Features of Kruti
  • Task Automation: Kruti can independently execute user commands such as booking cabs, ordering food, paying bills, conducting research, and generating images without needing step-by-step guidance.
  • Proactivity (Agentic Behavior): Unlike passive chatbots, Kruti takes initiative to complete tasks, understanding user intent and acting without micromanagement—an example of agentic AI.
  • Multilingual Support: Supports 13 Indian languages, including Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, Gujarati, among others, ensuring broad regional inclusivity.
  • Personalised Responses: Learns from user interactions and adapts replies based on tone, preferred response length, and previous conversations.

About BharatGPT Mini

• BharatGPT Mini is an AI model developed by CoRover.ai, launched in June 2025.
• It is designed as a Small Language Model (SLM), optimised for low-resource, offline, and regional use.
• The model is aimed at infrastructure-constrained settings, bridging the AI accessibility gap in rural and semi-urban India.
• Key Features
  • BharatGPT Mini operates using 534 million parameters, making it significantly smaller than typical LLMs like GPT-4.
  • It supports 14 Indian languages, enabling text-based tasks in regional languages.
  • It is optimised for edge devices and can function on low-end smartphones or local servers, with no reliance on high-end cloud infrastructure.
  • Designed for fast performance, even on basic hardware, ensuring quick response times.
  • Supports offline functionality, making it ideal for rural areas with weak or no internet access.

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