Ramadevara Betta Hill

Context: Ramadevara Betta Hill, located in Ramanagara, Karnataka, has seen its fourth consecutive year of successful breeding for the endangered long-billed vultures

About Ramadevara Betta Vulture Sanctuary

• Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary, located in Ramanagara, Karnataka,
• It is India’s first and only vulture sanctuary. 
• It was established in 2012 to protect endangered vulture species.
• Vulture Species in the Sanctuary
  • Out of nine vulture species found in India, three species are seen here:
    • Long-billed Vulture (Indian vulture) – Endangered
    • Egyptian Vulture – Critically Endangered
    • White-backed Vulture – Endangered

About Ramadevara Betta Hill

• Ramadevara Betta is a famous hill in Ramanagara, Karnataka. 
• Also known as:  Ramagiri.
• Historical Importance
  • Ancient Heritage: The hill has a long history, dating back to the Vijayanagara Empire and Kempegowda’s rule.
  • Strategic Location: It served as a military and defense point due to its high vantage position.
• Architectural Wonders
  • Ancient Temples: The hill has temples dedicated to Lord Rama and Lakshmana.
  • Traditional South Indian Architecture: The temples feature intricate carvings and stone sculptures.

Impact of GHGs on Satellites

Context: Recently a study published in Nature Sustainability indicates that high GHG levels could reduce the number of satellites that can safely orbit Earth by up to 66% by 2100.

• Atmospheric modeling was used to estimate changes in Earth’s orbital capacity under different emission scenarios.

Effect of Greenhouse Gases on the Atmosphere

• GHG emissions cause cooling and contraction of the mesosphere (50-85 km) and thermosphere (85-600 km), leading to a shrinking upper atmosphere.
• Reason: Increased infrared radiation is reflected into space, reducing atmospheric drag.
• Effects:
  • Lower atmospheric density: Space debris remains in orbit longer.
  • Longer satellite lifespans: But higher risks of space congestion and collisions.
  • Slower satellite deorbiting : Satellites take longer to re-enter the atmosphere and burn up.

Implications for Space Sustainability

• Reduced deorbiting rates: Satellites remain in orbit longer, increasing space congestion and collision risks.
• The study highlights the urgent need for better orbital debris management and mitigation strategies.

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