Nanomaterial for Non-Invasive Brain Cell Stimulation

Scientists from the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), have demonstrated that a nanomaterial called graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) can stimulate brain cells.

• It offers a potential breakthrough in treating neurological disorders without surgery or external devices.

About Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C₃N₄)

• Nature of Material: It is a semiconducting nanomaterial that can generate small electric fields in response to the brain’s natural voltage signals.
• Biocompatibility: The material is non-toxic and safe for interaction with brain tissue.

Mechanism

• In the presence of negative membrane potential, the material switches to an ON state and stimulates neurons.
• In the presence of positive membrane potential, it switches OFF, preventing neuronal fatigue.
• These electric fields open calcium channels, promoting neuronal growth, maturation, and communication.

Key Findings of the Study

• Neuron Growth and Communication: The nanomaterial enhanced neuronal connections and improved communication between cells.
• Dopamine Production: It boosted dopamine levels in lab-grown brain-like cells, which is significant for Parkinson’s disease therapy.
• Reduction of Toxic Proteins: In animal models, it reduced proteins linked to neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s.
• Experimental Confirmation: Findings were validated through calcium imaging studies, gene expression analysis, and immunofluorescence-based methods.

Advantages over Existing Therapies

• Current Methods: Treatments like deep brain stimulation (DBS) require surgical implants, while others rely on magnets, lasers, or ultrasound, which are invasive or limited.
• Nanomaterial Approach: g-C₃N₄ directly interacts with neurons non-invasively, acting like a “smart switch” that naturally modulates neuronal activity without external stimulation.

Applications

• Therapeutic Potential:
  • Non-invasive treatment for Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and brain injuries.
  • Possibility of using semiconductors for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
• Future Technologies:
  • Brainware Computing: By improving efficiency of brain organoids used as biological processors.
  • Bio-inspired Computing: Merging nanomaterials with living tissues for advanced computational systems.

About Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST)

• Establishment: The Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) was established in 2013 as an autonomous institution under the Department of Science and Technology (DST)
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Science & Technology 
• Location: Mohali, Punjab.
• Mandate: It serves as a premier research centre in nanoscience and nanotechnology with a focus on healthcare, agriculture, energy, environment, and quantum materials.

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