A new study by the University of Exeter warns that polar geoengineering projects could cause severe environmental damage with global consequences, questioning their viability.
About Polar Geoengineering
- Definition: Polar geoengineering refers to deliberate, large-scale interventions in the Earth’s polar regions aimed at slowing global warming or protecting ice sheets by modifying environmental processes.
Different Polar Geoengineering Techniques and their Limitations
Method |
Concept & Example |
Limitations / Core Issues |
Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI) |
Inject aerosols (SO₂, TiO₂, CaCO₃) into stratosphere to reflect sunlight.. |
- Ineffective in polar winters.
- high natural albedo.
- termination shock risk
- risk of global climate disruption
- lacks liability & governance framework.
|
Sea Curtains/Walls |
Buoyant barriers anchored on seabed to block warm currents from reaching glaciers
(e.g., Around Thwaites Glacier in Antarctica). |
- Requires extreme engineering.
- Costly ships (~$0.5 bn each)
- Ecological disruption (ocean circulation, sea life)
- Risks from toxic materials.
|
Sea-Ice Management (Microbeads) |
Scatter glass microbeads on ice to increase albedo and slow melting. |
- Massive logistics burden
- Ecotoxicity
- Risk of net warming
- Impractical supply chain and emissions-heavy production.
|
Basal Water Removal |
Pump subglacial meltwater from beneath glaciers to slow ice-sheet sliding. |
- Flawed premise.
- Continuous pumping neede
- highly emissions-intensive; large-scale impracticality.
|
Ocean Fertilisation |
Add iron/nutrients to stimulate phytoplankton growth for carbon capture (tested in Southern Ocean experiments). |
- Uncontrollable species dominance
- Disrupts marine food chains
- Uncertain carbon sequestration
- Global governance concerns.
|
Arctic Ocean Pumps |
Deploy pumps to spray seawater onto ice in winter to thicken ice. |
- Requires huge energy (1m units electricity/year per pump)
- Enormous carbon footprint
- Technological & logistical impracticality.
|
Way Forward
- Climate-Resilient Development: Focus on decarbonisation, sustainable urban planning, and integrating climate adaptation into development strategies.
- Strengthen Protected Areas: Maintain ecosystems while respecting local communities and traditional knowledge to enhance long-term resilience.
- Reduce Fossil Fuel Reliance: Accelerate renewable energy adoption, modernise grids, address supply chain bottlenecks for critical minerals, and ensure equitable global energy transition.
Conclusion
Lowering carbon emissions remains the most effective solution. Every tonne of emissions avoided today reduces future shocks, improves air quality, and provides stability that geoengineering alone cannot guarantee.