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Home/Current Affairs/President’s Rule Ends in Manipur

President’s Rule Ends in Manipur

5 Feb 2026

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हिन्दी

President’s Rule Ends in Manipur

After nearly a year under President’s Rule, Yumnam Khemchand Singh takes oath as Chief Minister of Manipur

Background

  • Former Chief Minister N. Biren Singh resigned on February 9, 2025, amid prolonged unrest that began on May 3, 2023.
  • Revocation: President’s Rule, imposed on February 13, 2025, was revoked, paving the way for the formation of an elected government.

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About President Rule

Aspect Details
Meaning of President’s Rule
  • President’s Rule means the State government is suspended and the Union government administers the State directly. 
  • The Governor acts as the constitutional head, while administration is carried out on behalf of the President. 
  • The State Legislative Assembly may be dissolved or kept under suspended animation.
Constitutional Basis (Grounds of Declaration)
  • Article 356 : Empowers the President to impose President’s Rule if the State government cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution, based on the Governor’s report or other information. 
  • Article 355 : Imposes a duty on the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure constitutional governance. 
  • Article 365 : It states that failure of a State to comply with Union directions may be treated as a breakdown of constitutional machinery, enabling action under Article 356.
Other Grounds
  • When the President is satisfied that constitutional governance has broken down, for example:
  • No party or leader is able to form a government within the time allowed by the Governor
  • Collapse of a coalition government and failure of the CM to prove majority on the floor of the House
  • Loss of majority after a no-confidence motion
  • Elections cannot be held due to extraordinary situations (war, severe law and order breakdown, etc.)
Parliamentary Approval (Procedure)
  • The President issues a Proclamation under Article 356 after forming satisfaction (often based on the Governor’s report).
  • Proclamation must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within 2 months by a simple majority.
  • If Lok Sabha is dissolved or not in session, Rajya Sabha approval keeps it valid until 30 days after Lok Sabha reconvenes, provided Lok Sabha then approves it.
Duration
  • Initially valid for 6 months.
Extension
  • Can be extended up to a maximum of 3 years, with parliamentary approval every 6 months.
  • 44th Constitutional Amendment: Extension beyond 1 year is allowed only if: 
    • A National Emergency is in operation in the whole or part of India, and
    • The Election Commission certifies that elections cannot be held in the State.
Judicial Review
  • The Proclamation under Article 356 is subject to judicial review. 
  • Courts can examine whether the President’s satisfaction was mala fide or based on irrelevant considerations.
Revocation
  • President’s Rule can be revoked at any time by the President. 
  • No parliamentary approval is required for revocation.
Key Case Laws
  • S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994):
    • Article 356 is subject to judicial review
    • Majority should normally be tested on the floor of the House
    • Political misuse of Article 356 is unconstitutional.
  • Sarbananda Sonowal v. Union of India (2005):
    • Reaffirmed the Union’s duty under Article 355 to protect States from internal disturbance and external aggression
  • Rameshwar Prasad v. Union of India (2006):
    • Dissolution of Assembly without giving an opportunity for a floor test was criticised
    • Reinforced limits on misuse of Article 356

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Impact of President’s Rule

State’s Executive
  • Dismissal of Council of Ministers: The President can dismiss the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister.
  • The State administration is carried on by the Governor, with the help of the Chief Secretary, on behalf of the President.
  • As the State executive is taken over by the Union, this situation is commonly referred to as President’s Rule in the State.
State’s Legislative Power
  • Suspension or Dissolution of State Legislative Assembly: The President may either suspend the Assembly (suspended animation) or dissolve it.
  • Powers and Functions of Parliament:
    • Parliament assumes legislative power for the State under Article 357 or 
    • Parliament may delegate the power to legislate for the State to the President or any other authority specified by him.
    • Parliament (or the delegated authority) can make laws conferring powers and duties on the Union government and its authorities in relation to the State.
    • State bills and budgets are passed by Parliament.
    • Laws made during the President’s Rule continue to operate even after the Rule is revoked, unless repealed or amended by the State legislature.
    • The President can authorise expenditure from the State Consolidated Fund when Lok Sabha is not in session, subject to later parliamentary approval.
    • When Parliament is not in session, the President can promulgate ordinances for the governance of the State.
State’s Judiciary
  • Position of the High Court: The constitutional position, status, powers and functions of the State High Court remain unchanged during President’s Rule.
  • President’s Rule does not affect the independence or jurisdiction of the judiciary.

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