The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has uncovered a 3500 years old archaeological site and ancient palaeochannel buried 23 meters underground  in Bahaj village, Deeg district, Rajasthan. 

• This finding has led some historians and archaeologists to connect the site to the Saraswati River mentioned in the Rig Veda, offering insights into early human settlements in India.

Key Findings

• Palaeochannel Discovery:
  • It is believed to be part of an ancient river system that supported early settlements, potentially linking Bahaj to the larger Saraswati basin culture and this is the first of its kind discovered in India.
  • This discovery provides crucial evidence of the ancient water systems that played a key role in the development of early civilizations.
• Settlement Timeline:
  • The findings indicate that settlements in the region thrived between 3500 to 1000 BC, shedding light on the Kushan, Magadha, and Sunga dynasties.
  • Pre-Holocene origins are suggested by the discovery of microlithic tools, marking a connection to even earlier human habitation.
• Residential and Metallurgical Evidence:
  • Remnants of residential structures with earthen posts and trenches suggest an organized settlement structure.
  • Furnaces and a variety of iron and copper artefacts point to the advanced metallurgical knowledge of the inhabitants.
• Spiritual and Cultural Relics:
  • 15 yajna kundas (sacrificial pits) and votive tanks dedicated to Shakti worship highlight the religious practices of the time.
  • Terracotta images of Shiva and Parvati, dating back to at least 1000 BC, suggest the early development of Hindu rituals.
• Brahmi Script and Early Coinage:
  • Four unbaked sealings were found, with two inscribed in Brahmi letters, marking some of the earliest evidence of this script in India.
  • The discovery of inscribed copper coins challenges existing timelines on the origins of Indian coinage.
• Craft Heritage:
  • Artifacts like bone tools, semi-precious beads, and shell bangles point to a rich tradition of craftsmanship in Bahaj, reflecting its cultural heritage.

Significance

• The excavation in Bahaj is expected to reframe key aspects of India’s early history, particularly its ancient river systems, metallurgy, and script development.
• The findings provide crucial evidence that could influence the understanding of the Saraswati river’s role in ancient Indian civilization, potentially revising historical timelines and theories on early urbanization and metallurgy.

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