A new study published in the Lancet Planetary Health journal warns that rising global temperatures and CO₂ levels could significantly increase arsenic content in rice, threatening the health of millions in Asia by 2050.

• Researchers studied 28 rice strains over a decade, confirming a consistent rise in arsenic levels when exposed to elevated CO₂ and temperature conditions.

Rising Arsenic Levels in Rice

• Climate-Induced Soil Changes: Rising temperatures above 2°C and increasing CO₂ levels are altering soil chemistry, making arsenic more bioavailable and easily absorbed by rice grains.
• Irrigation and Contamination: Use of arsenic-contaminated water for irrigation and cooking further raises arsenic content in rice, especially in areas with poor water quality controls.

Health Impacts of Arsenic in Food

• Cancer Risks: Inorganic arsenic in rice is linked to higher risks of lung, bladder, and skin cancers. The study projects tens of millions of such cancer cases across Asia by 2050.
• Other Chronic Conditions: Beyond cancer, arsenic exposure is associated with increased risks of heart disease, diabetes, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and developmental issues in children.
• Widespread Vulnerability in Asia: Countries like India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and China, where rice is a staple are especially at risk. 
  • China alone may see over 13 million cancer cases by 2050 due to rice-based arsenic exposure.

Mitigation Measures

• Resilient Rice Varieties: Developing rice strains that absorb less arsenic from soil and water.
• Improved Soil and Water Management: Enhancing irrigation practices, avoiding contaminated water sources, and managing soil chemistry can help limit arsenic absorption.
• Public Health Interventions: Awareness campaigns and dietary guidance can reduce long-term exposure. Governments should support food safety regulations and invest in alternative crop strategies.
• International Collaboration Needed: The study calls for global partnerships to monitor arsenic in food systems and integrate mitigation in climate adaptation plans.

The findings highlight an urgent need for coordinated action as climate change exacerbates hidden food-related health risks. Without timely intervention, arsenic in rice could become a major public health crisis in Asia by mid-century.

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