Russian scientists have announced that EnteroMix, an mRNA-based cancer vaccine, has shown 100% efficacy in early clinical trials.

About EnteroMix

• Technology: Uses mRNA to train the immune system to shrink tumours and slow growth.
• Safety & Personalisation: Found safe for repeated use and can be customised for individual treatment.
• Initial Targets: Designed primarily for colorectal cancer, with future versions planned for glioblastoma and melanoma.

Mechanism of EnteroMix

• Selective Targeting: Combines four harmless viruses to specifically attack cancer cells while activating the immune response.
• Personalisation: mRNA-based design allows tailoring to each patient’s RNA profile for customised treatment.
• Safety Advantage: Avoids the severe side effects of chemotherapy and radiation, and is safe for repeated use.
• Multi-Antigen Targeting Capability: Unlike COVID-19 mRNA vaccines that focus on a single antigen, cancer mRNA vaccines can be designed to target several tumor-specific markers simultaneously.

Limitations of Current Trials

• Sample Size: Trials have involved fewer than 50 volunteers, limiting statistical reliability.
• Need for Broader Testing: Experts emphasize the need for larger, diverse population trials to assess efficacy.
• Publication Status: Results are yet to appear in peer-reviewed journals, making claims of breakthrough premature.

Global Context of mRNA Cancer Research

• Applications: mRNA vaccines are being explored for breast, pancreatic, kidney, lung cancers, lymphoma, and brain tumours.
• Research Progress: Development has accelerated post-Covid-19 due to the demonstrated adaptability of mRNA technology.
• Challenges: Suspension of federal funding for mRNA research in the US may slow progress for cancer applications.

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