Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Jayanti 2024

Context: 

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Jayanti or Birth anniversary is celebrated on January 23 every year.

Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar 2024

• For the year 2024, 60 Parachute Field Hospital from Uttar Pradesh, in the Institutional category, have been selected for the Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar 2024 for its excellent work in Disaster Management.

About Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

• Birth: On 23rd January 1897, in Cuttack, Orissa.
  • His birth anniversary is celebrated as “Parakram Diwas”.
• Educational Achievement: In 1919, he had cleared the Indian Civil Services (ICS) examination. However, later he resigned.

• Influence of: He was influenced by Vivekananda‘s teachings.
  • He considered him as his spiritual Guru.
    • His political mentor was Chittaranjan Das.
• Associated Newspaper: He worked as the editor for Das’s newspaper “Forward”.
  • He started his independence movement journey in 1921 by starting a newspaper, named Swarajya in the Allahabad district (now Prayagraj), Uttar Pradesh.
  • Book: He authored the book ‘The Indian Struggle’ which covers the Indian independence movement from 1920 to 1942. 

• Famous Slogan: Tum Mujhe Khoon Do, Main Tumhe Azadi Dunga, Jai Hind, and Delhi Chalo.
• Awarded with: The Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1992, but this was later withdrawn over the controversy over the circumstances of his death.
  • It is the only incident in the history of Bharat Ratna that an award was withdrawn.

Political Career and Belief of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

• Joining the INC: He joined the Indian National Congress in 1921.
  • In 1923, he was elected President of the All India Youth Congress.
• Supported: In 1930, he participated in the Salt Satyagraha.
  • In the 1930s, he was closely associated with Jawaharlal Nehru and M.N. Roy.
• Opposition: 
  • Dominion Status: He opposed the Motilal Nehru Report (for demand of dominion status for India), as he was a supporter of complete independence.
  • CDM & Gandhi-Irwin Pact: He opposed the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement and signing of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact in 1931.
• Presidency of INC: 
  • In 1938: He won the elections at Haripura in 1938.
  • In 1939: Again in 1939 at Tripuri, he won the elections against Mahatma Gandhi’s candidate Pattabhi Sitarammayya. 
    • However, he resigned and left INC due to ideological differences with Gandhi. Then, Rajendra Prasad was appointed in his place.
• Establishment of a New Party: In May 3, 1939, in Makur Unnao, Uttar Pradesh, he founded a new party, “the Forward Bloc”, to consolidate the political left and major support base in Bengal.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Role in Armed Forces

• The Indian National Army (INA): In 1934, he reached Japanese-controlled Singapore and issued his famous call, “Delhi Chalo”, and on 21st October 1943, announced the formation of the Azad Hind Government and the Indian National Army.
• He took over the leadership of the INA in 1943 and formed the Provisional Government for Free India in Singapore. It was declared to be the army of Bose’s Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind (the Provisional Government of Free India).
  • The INA was first formed under Mohan Singh and Japanese Major Fujiwara, which comprised Indian prisoners of Wars of the British-Indian Army captured by Japan in the Malayan (present-day Malaysia) campaign and at Singapore.
    • The INA created various regiments, including the Rani Jhansi Regiment.
• Death: He is said to have died in 1945 during a plane crash in Taiwan. 
  • It marked the end of the INA’s activities, but the soldiers’ court-martial upon their return to India sparked a powerful movement in their defense.
• Ethical Values from life of Netaji: Courage, Patriotism, leadership and Perseverance, Service to Motherland Sacrifice.                                                                                                                                                        

Additional Information: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Biography: Birth, History, Achievements, Contributions

News Source: PIB