Researchers in China identified a new tardigrade species, Hypsibius henanensis, from moss samples collected in Funiu Mountain, Henan province with the ability to withstand Radiation.

Key highlights of  the study

• Genome Sequencing: Scientists sequenced the genome of Hypsibius henanensis, revealing 14,701 genes, with around 30% unique to tardigrades.
• Radiation Exposure: The team subjected this tardigrade species to high doses of gamma radiation, far exceeding human survivability limits, to study its response.

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Tardigrades’ radiation resistance reasons

• Genetic Adaptation: The researchers have identified the genetic mechanisms that help a newly discovered species of tardigrades (Hypsibius henanensis) withstand high levels of radiation. 
• DNA Repair Genes: They identified 2,801 genes involved in DNA repair processes. Key elements include:
• TRID1 Protein: Aids in rapid repair of DNA double-strand breaks resulting from radiation.
• Mitochondrial Proteins: Two proteins, generated from a radiation-activated gene, are crucial for mitochondrial synthesis and DNA repair.
• Betalain Pigments: These antioxidant pigments help neutralise reactive chemicals caused by radiation exposure, protecting cellular structures.

About Tardigrades (Hypsibius henanensis)

• Tardigrades are resilient Creatures also known as water bears or moss piglets.
• They are microscopic, eight-legged animals, typically about 1 mm (0.04 inch) or smaller.
• Classified as free-living invertebrates in the phylum Tardigrada.
• Their tiny, boneless bodies are supported by a hydrostatic skeleton filled with hemolymph (a fluid-filled compartment).
• Equipped with a specialised mouthpart called a buccal pharyngeal apparatus, enabling them to suck nutrients from plants and other microorganisms.
• Known as extremophiles, capable of surviving extreme environmental conditions.
• Require a thin layer of water around their bodies to prevent dehydration, making them effectively aquatic.
• Found globally across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments from the Arctic to the Antarctic, including high altitudes and deep-sea regions.

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Potential Application of Tardigrades

• Space Exploration: Protecting astronauts from cosmic radiation.
• Nuclear Clean-up: Enhancing radiation tolerance for workers in radioactive environments.
• Cancer Treatment: Potentially improving radiation therapy for cancer patients by enhancing human cell stress resistance.
• Testing on Human Cells: Tardigrade-derived betalain pigments improved the survival rate of human cells exposed to radiation, suggesting promising applications for human health.

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