US President Donald Trump unveiled the Comprehensive Plan to End the Gaza Conflict, a 20-point proposal announced with Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu. 

Key Features of Trump’s Gaza Peace Plan

• Hamas Disarmament: Hamas must surrender weapons; members committing to peaceful coexistence will receive amnesty and safe passage to receiving countries (Jordan, Egypt, Qatar).
• No forced displacement: Palestinians will not be expelled from Gaza; Israel commits not to annex or occupy the territory.
• Security Mechanism: Creation of an International Stabilization Force (ISF) (US, Arab & global partners) to train Palestinian police, secure borders, and regulate aid/arms inflow.
• Israeli Defence Forces Withdrawal: Israel will progressively hand over territory to ISF as security stabilizes, retaining only a security perimeter until threats are neutralized.
• Transitional Governance: Gaza to be run temporarily by a technocratic Palestinian committee (qualified Palestinians + international experts) with oversight from an international “Board of Peace” chaired by Trump; former UK PM Tony Blair included.
• Humanitarian Aid: Aid delivery to resume for infrastructure, hospitals, bakeries, and rubble clearance under UN and Red Crescent supervision.
• Prisoner & Hostage Swap: Within 72 hours of acceptance, Hamas to release hostages; Israel to release 250 life-sentence prisoners and 1700 detainees, including women and children.
• Regional Guarantees: Arab/Muslim states to ensure Hamas’ compliance and prevent resurgence of threats.
• International Support: Backed by eight nations — Qatar, Jordan, UAE, Indonesia, Pakistan, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt.

Significance

• First concrete multilateral proposal since Oslo Accords (1993) for Gaza’s governance and reconstruction.
• Reliance on Arab Partners’ Guarantees, With Strategic Omissions: The proposal underscores the role of Arab and Muslim nations such as Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Jordan in guaranteeing compliance and supporting reconstruction. 
  • However, the exclusion of Iran, a significant regional stakeholder with influence over Hamas and Hezbollah, raises questions about the long-term stability and inclusivity of the arrangement.
• Trump positions himself not only as a mediator but also as an architect of reconstruction.
  • By linking Gaza’s redevelopment to large-scale investment and economic opportunities, he merges diplomatic leadership with a business-centric approach.

Key Challenges

• Hamas’ Role: Whether Hamas will agree to a deal requiring them to cede power and weapons.
• Israeli politics: Netanyahu must convince his extremist right-wing allies to accept the plan.
• Foreign Control: Gaza effectively handed over to an externally controlled transitional authority, sidelining the Palestinian Authority.
• Trump’s commitment:  Chairing Gaza’s reconstruction implies a long-term U.S. role, but Trump’s business-oriented approach raises doubts about sustained political commitment.
• Plan deficiencies: The document lacks detailed timelines, maps, and implementation mechanisms.
• Exclusion of West Bank: No mention of Israeli settlements or settler violence in the West Bank, leaving core political issues unresolved.
• Regional Complexities: Arab involvement remains minimal and unclear; Iran is excluded entirely. 
  • The reliance on Qatar and Egypt as mediators may not be sufficient to guarantee compliance.

Implications for India

• Positive Relief:
  • Peace could stabilize West Asia, protecting India’s diaspora (90 lakh people) and oil supplies (80% from the region).
  • Boost for India’s strategic projects such as the India–Middle East–Europe Corridor (IMEC).
• Caution Required:
  • Pakistan’s involvement and endorsement of the plan introduces a new variable for New Delhi.
  • India must balance its ties with Israel, Arab states, and Iran amid shifting alliances.

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