At the United Nations Conference in Hanoi, 72 nations signed the Convention against Cybercrime — the first-ever global treaty dedicated to tackling cybercrime.

Key Provisions of the Convention

• International Cooperation:
  • Establishes frameworks for information sharing, extradition, and evidence exchange across jurisdictions, supported by a 24/7 contact point network for rapid response.
  • Aims to make cybercrime investigations faster and more coordinated.
• Legal Binding Nature: Once ratified, countries must align domestic laws with the treaty’s definitions and enforcement mechanisms.
• Criminal Offenses: The Treaty addresses criminalisation of cyber-dependent offenses alongside cyber-enabled crimes such as unauthorised hacking and data interference, online fraud and the non-consensual dissemination of intimate images.
• Prevention of Child Abuse: Offenses such as online child sexual abuse, the distribution of exploitation material and the solicitation or grooming of a child for the purpose of committing a sexual offence is a focal point.

Criticisms

• Human Rights Concerns: Critics argue that the treaty’s vague definitions of cybercrime may allow states to misuse it for surveillance or to curb dissent.
• Tech Industry Concerns: The Cybersecurity Tech Accord  termed it a potential “surveillance treaty,” warning against misuse in monitoring or criminalizing ethical hackers.
• Host Nation Debate: Vietnam’s role as host sparked scrutiny due to its record of online censorship and arrests of digital activists.

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Global Participation and Ratification Process

• Signatories: About 72 countries, including the United States, Canada, and the European Union, signed the treaty.
  • India participated in negotiations but has not yet signed the treaty.
• Ratification Requirement: It will enter into force 90 days after ratification by at least 40 UN member states.
• UN Implementation: Supervised by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).

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