The 2025 UN World Water Development Report (UN WWDR) titled “Mountains and Glaciers – Water Towers,”  emphasizes the growing risks posed by climate change to global water resources.

Key Highlights of the Report

• Essential for billions: Mountain meltwater is crucial for drinking water, sanitation, food security, energy production, and environmental sustainability.
  • The report highlights that retreating glaciers threaten the food and water supply of 2 billion people worldwide. Accelerating glacier melt: Rising global temperatures are causing glaciers to melt faster, making the water cycle more unpredictable and extreme.

• Increased risks: Glacial retreat is intensifying floods, droughts, landslides, and sea-level rise, leading to devastating effects on people and ecosystems.
• Need for action: The report stresses the importance of mitigating and adapting to rapid changes in frozen water resources.
• Carbon emissions reduction: It strongly calls for an urgent reduction in carbon emissions to slow down glacial retreat.
• Connection to SDGs: Conserving the cryosphere (frozen water resources) is essential for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Impact of Rising Global Temperatures

• All mountain ranges have experienced warming since the early 20th century.
• More mountain precipitation is falling as rain instead of snow, causing snowpacks to thin and melt earlier in the year.
• Short-term effects: Faster snowmelt initially increases river flow in glacier-fed basins and rivers.
• Long-term effects: After exceeding a certain “peak water” threshold, river flow declines due to reduced glacier reserves.
  • The report provides strong evidence that this “peak water” point has already been passed in the tropical Andes, western Canada, and the Swiss Alps.

Impact on Agriculture and Water Supply

• Two-thirds of all irrigated agriculture worldwide is expected to be affected by retreating glaciers and declining snowfall.
• The climate crisis is reducing freshwater availability, threatening global food security and water resources.

This report underscores the urgent need for global action to protect glacier-fed water systems and mitigate climate change effects

About UN Water

• UN-Water is the United Nations’ inter-agency coordination mechanism for all freshwater and sanitation-related issues.
  • It brings together UN entities, international organizations, and key partners to ensure effective water resource management and sustainable use.
• Establishment: UN-Water was established in 2003 to strengthen coordination and coherence among UN agencies working on water-related issues.
• Objective: The primary goal of UN-Water is to support and accelerate progress on water-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation for All.
• Missions
  • Advancing Policy and Advocacy: Promotes global awareness on key water-related challenges.
  • Monitoring and Reporting: Tracks progress on water-related SDGs and provides data-driven insights.
  • Facilitating Coordination: Ensures harmonized efforts among UN agencies and partners for sustainable water management.
• Reports Published
  • UN World Water Development Report (WWDR): Annual flagship report assessing global water challenges and solutions.
  • Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS): Provides insights into sanitation and drinking water progress.
  • The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 Synthesis Report: Evaluates global advancements in achieving SDG 6.

DOWNLOAD PDF